We present a 14-year-old female with a massive aneurysm of the pulmonary trunk occurring secondary to bacterial endocarditis of the patent arterial duct. Echo Doppler imaging, magnetic resonance and angiography confirmed the diagnosis. On intermediate follow-up after surgical correction, the echo studies and cardiac catheterization disclosed no residual lesions. The patient is now asymptomatic.

The rare association, in a left-sided heart with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, of right aortic arch, bilateral patent arterial ducts and origin of the left subclavian artery from the left pulmonary artery are described. Cardiac catheterization was performed because of the abnormal anatomy of the arch noted at echocardiographic examination. This abnormality is of surgical importance when planning the Norwood operation.

Rhabdomyoma is the most frequent primary cardiac tumor seen during infancy. We report multiple rhabdomyomas diagnosed in twins in the neo natal period. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first instance of this happening.

Over the past decade, the technique of radiofrequency ablation has evolved substantially. Currently, most forms of cardiac arrhythmias seen in children can be treated with good long-term results and low risk of adverse outcome. Curative arrhythmia treatment with this technique, however, is still uncommon in neonates and infants. Reported here is our experience in the management of an 8-week-old with drug-resistant permanent junctional reciprocating tachycardia.

The teratogenic properties of phenytoin, including cardiac malformations, have been previously documented. We report one patient with foetal hydantoin syndrome and atrioventricular septal defect with common atrioventricular junction but separate right and left atrioventricular valves, an association that has not been described, to the best of our knowledge.

Reported is a child with dilated cardiomyopathy, in whom medical therapy resulted in a mild improvement of cardiac function. Metabolic studies suggested the presence of a catecholamine-secreting tumour; and an adrenal neuroblastoma was identified and surgically removed. Following surgery, there was progressive and complete normalization of cardiac function. Although very rare, neurogenic tumours may be involved in the development of a dilated cardiomyopathy in the infant and child.

A two-month old male infant with the rare occurrence of double outlet left ventricle, subpulmonary ventricular septal defect and pulmonary hypertension is presented. The infant was managed temporarily with banding of the pulmonary trunk, with a favorable result, and is scheduled for definitive intraventricular repair.

One of conjoined thoracopagus twins, with separate hearts and a common pericardial sack, presented with respiratory distress because of a persistent arterial duct causing congestive heart failure in the neonatal period. Surgical ligation of the duct was performed prior to subsequent separation, with an excellent outcome.

Congenital division of an atrial chamber is a very rare congenital malformation that more commonly affects the left atrium but which may, in rare circumstances, involve the right atrium. Such a divided right atrium may present with symptoms consistent with increased portal venous pressure. Reported is a case with unusual clinical presentation. The patient underwent resection of the dividing shelf with good postoperative results.

The authors discovered congenital absence of the portal vein, with visceral venous return to the right atrium, in a 5-year-old girl with aortic valvar stenosis. Interestingly, of the 19 patients, it was discovered that 11 reported with portal venous agenesis also had cardiac defects. We have, therefore, investigated the hypothesis that the congenital absence of the portal vein and the associated cardiac malformations may result from a similar embryologic insult, and that cardiac development may be affected by the systemic diversion of portal venous flow.

Aortopulmonary septal defect and tetralogy of Fallot is a rare combination. We report a case of tetralogy of Fallot, non-confluent pulmonary arteries with the left arising from the arterial duct, and a large aortopulmonary septal defect diagnosed by echocardiogram and confirmed by cardiac catheterization.

We describe an infant with congenitally corrected transposition, ventricular septal defect and severe pulmonary stenosis. The heart occupied a midline position. Extension of ductal tissue had resulted in occlusion of the left pulmonary artery. As far as we are aware, this is the first report of an association of coarctation of the left pulmonary artery with corrected transposition.

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is one of the most therapeutically challenging congenital cardiac defects. It accounts for as many as 1.5% of all congenital heart defects, but is responsible for up to one quarter of deaths in neonates with heart disease.1 The management of hypoplastic left heart syndrome is controversial. Two surgical options exist:2,3 the Norwood procedure, is a three stage repair in which the morphologically right ventricle is converted to function as the systemic ventricle. Alternatively, orthotopic transplantation can be performed. Although both surgical options have had improved outcomes, the prognosis for long-term survival is guarded, with a five year survival for either approach reported to be in the region of 50–60%. In this review, I explore the evidence for a genetic etiology for the “classic” hypoplastic left heart syndrome, defined as mitral and/or aortic atresia with hypoplasia of the left ventricular cavity and the other left-sided structures.