Article processing charges (APCs)

This is a hybrid journal, which means it provides authors with options to make their articles open access, including the option to publish Gold Open Access under a Creative Commons licence. In many cases the costs of publishing Gold Open Access articles are covered by institutional open access agreements. Authors not covered by such an agreement may have funding from their funding body or institution to pay an article processing charge (APC). Please see this journal's open access options for full details.

For articles that are not published Gold Open Access, costs of publishing Gold OA are not applicable. For cases where an APC is required, please see the table below for this journal’s APC rates (additional taxes may apply).