Otiocerus kirbyi Fh. is unknown to the writer. It would fall under CC. of Group II by description. It may well be a pale form of one of these species. The species found in collections under the name of signoreti Fh. is undoubtedly reaumuri Kby. Metcalf separated the latter as “without” the five spots ignoring the fact that Kirby specially describes them. In the explanation of Plate 40 Metcalf has reversed the name of O. degeeri, and coqueberti. The head of the example of the latter species must have been distorted or out of focus as in nature the apex is but little less than a right angle.

Surface and internal temperatures of bags made by Thyridopteryx ephemeraeformis (Haworth) as well as ambient temperatures were recorded in sun and shade. Temperatures of bags in both shaded and exposed areas of the tree were significantly higher than ambient air temperatures. Bag surface temperatures were not significantly different from internal bag temperatures. Differences between internal, surface, and ambient temperatures could not be attributed to host tree species. Finally, there were no significant differences in temperature between bags with and without larvae.

Mating, oviposition, and flight in the satin moth, Leucoma salicis (L.), were studied in an aspen forest in Maine during 1975 and 1976. Adult eclosion normally occurred between 0800 h (EST) and 2300 h, with males emerging earlier both daily and seasonally. Female calling behavior and mating occurred shortly after sunset on the day of eclosion. Mating lasted ca. 19 h, terminating prior to sunset; low temperatures extended the period of mating. Multiple mating was observed in males and females. Oviposition normally occurred between 1600 and 2330 h. The largest egg masses were the first laid, with sequentially smaller masses laid on following days. Confined females laid an average of 4.6 egg masses containing a total of 650 eggs. Female flight normally followed oviposition of the first egg mass; thereafter, the period of daily flight often preceded oviposition. Male flight started at 0500 h, peaked between 1600 and 2100 h, and ended at 0130 h. Adult longevity under confined field conditions averaged 8.6 days for males and 9.4 days for females.

Three new species are described in the caddisfly family Uenoidae: Neothremma prolata, from Hood River County, Oregon; Neothremma mucronata from Lassen County, California; and Farula constricta from Multnomah County, Oregon. Following examination of the holotypes of several species, misinterpretation of the male genitalia morphology of Farula wigginsi Denning is corrected, leading to the recognition of that name as a junior synonym of F. petersoni Denning. Interpretation of male genitalic morphology in the original description of F. geyseri Denning is revised. Phylogenetic relationships are inferred from male genitalic morphology for the species of Neothremma and Farula. Biogeographic patterns of the species in both genera are highly congruent with the phylogenies.

During ecological investigations of the pine root collar weevil, Hylobius radicis Buchanan, in central Wisconsin sand plains, a weevil of similar appearance, but of different habits, was encountered. This weevil was identified tentatively as H. radicis with the available keys (Buchanan, 1934 and Finnegan, 1961), and in general fits the original morphological description of that species. However, differences in biological habits and morphology suggested that an undescribed species was involved (Millers, 1960 and Millers and Benjamin, 1961), and the taxonomic separation and description of the new species follows:

This is a report on the influence of temperature on embryonic development of the pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. Gross observations on embryonic progress were recorded.

As cultures of this species are continuously needed for studies at the Lethbridge laboratory, information on conditions for adequate egg storage was required. The record of embryonic development was used to determine themost satisfactory stage at which eggs could be stored for future use.

Data obtained by sampling studies during 1972 and 1973 were used to develop equations for predicting the number of adult pecan weevils, Curculio caryae (Horn), in a tree from the number of pecan weevils trapped beneath that tree on a given date. Two of the models then were tested to determine their effectiveness in estimating weevil populations.

When the population estimates obtained from the model built from the early season data in 1972 (model A) were compared with the actual populations found in the trees in 1973, it was found that 71.7% of the observed values in 1973 fell within the 95% confidence intervals for the predicted values. When similar comparisons were made utilizing the model built from early season data in 1973 (model C), 95% of the observed population values in 1972 fell within the confidence intervals for the predicted values. Three-dimensional response surfaces generated from the models were similar and revealed that as the season progressed, the number of pecan weevils predicted from any trap value increased at an increasing rate.

By beating foliage with a stick, insects inhabiting the foliage can be dislodged onto a sheet held beneath it. In an attempt to develop this as a quantitative method for sampling lepidopterous defoliators feeding on exotic conifers in New Zealand, the size of the sheet and method of beating were standardized. Analysis of samples made over a period of 2 years revealed that differences between individual collectors were minimal, and that although very similar proportions of larvae were captured on the three areas of sheet used, the middle size gave the optimum balance between precision and cost of sampling. It also showed that as the number of larvae captured increased, the number of samples could be decreased in a semi-sequential manner.

A European bug Picromerus bidens (L.) is reported from Quebec feeding on larvae of the introduced sawfly Gilpinia frutetorum (F.) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae). A colour photograph of the bug and an illustration of the anterior femur and tibia are included.

The genus Cremifania Czerny combines characters of various taxa which Hennig (1958) placed in two superfamilies, the Sciomyzoidea and the Lauxanioidea. In some ways it can be considered a taxonomic link between the two groups. Important characters of the genus are compared with homologous characters in related families and its taxonomic relationships are discussed. At the same time, a family tree for the major families assigned to both superfamilies is suggested.

Cremifania does not fit well in any family as they are now defined, but, because it fits best in the Chamaemyiidae, that family is redefined to embrace the genus. The family is then divided into two subfamilies, the Cremifaniinae, new subfamily, for Cremifania, and the Chamaemyiinae comprised of two tribes, the Chamaemyiini and Leucopini, new tribe; a key to all the suprageneric categories is presented.

A new Cremifania, the second known species of the genus and the first Nearctic one, is described from New Mexico.

In this paper a new species of Fullawaya Essig is described. The genus is broken down to include subgenera Neopterocomma H.R.L. and Pseudopterocomma new subgenus. The species Fullawaya saliciradicis Essig and Pterocomma braggi (Gillette and Palmer) are discussed.

A method of producing radioactive eggs of the flea beetle Altica carduorum Guér. is described. Adult beetles were fed on young thistles (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.) into which P32 had been incorporated via the roots. Feeding was continued until the females had reached four and the males five levels of radioactivity. The effects on oviposition, total egg production, viability of the eggs, and longevity of the beetles were studied. The results indicate that a calculated body content of 0.03 μc P32 in the females would be optimal where large numbers of labelled eggs are required.

The reproductive behaviour of Chrysopa oculata Say females shows a high degree of dependence on diet. Females remain unmated when maintained on a regimen of sugar and water, whereas they mate and produce fertile eggs when given pea aphids prior to pairing. In contrast, the males do not require a diet other than sugar and water in order to produce fertile matings. Pea aphids constitute suitable prey for continuous rearing.

A gelatine-based diet for rearing the onion maggot, Hylemya antiqua (Meigen), that contains sucrose, evaporated milk, yeast hydrolysate, wheat embryo, cellulose powder, n-propyl disulfide, water, and antibiotics is described. Three consecutive generations reared on this medium were equal in puparial weights, percentages of pupation, adult emergence, and egg hatch, to those reared on onion bulbs. The procedure is simple and two man-hours per week is sufficient for producing 1000 maggots daily.

In the realization that all exact field experimentation and census work with insects is dependent upon accurate recognition of the species involved, a study of the comparative external morphology of the larvae was planned, from the first. as an integral part of the major project on wireworms, which was incepted in 1922, at the Dominion Entomological Laboratory, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The soundness of this viewpoint has been amply demonstrated, in that the morphological work has repeatedly proved to be vital to the whole economic study of this pest, which is being increasingly recognized (King, 1928; Seamans, 1933) as one of the major problems of wheat-growing in western Canada.

Three formulations of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner, preparation Thuricide® were evaluated against a commonly occurring leafroller, Archips rosanus (L.), on filberts. In the laboratory at 26.7 ± 1 °C, all larvae died within 7 days after feeding for 48 h on filbert leaves treated with dust and wettable formulations. With aqueous concentrate, the mortality was slightly less. Insect susceptibility was markedly reduced when the length of feeding exposure period was decreased. In the field, the infestation of A. rosanus was significantly reduced within a week after treatment in almost all the treated plots. Larval mortality continued for about 4 weeks. Under western Oregon conditions, dust treatments were slightly better than wettable or aqueous concentrate formulations.

A new anholocyclic species from the coastal region of western North America on Abies amabilis (Dougl.) Forbes and A. grandis (Dougl.) Lindl. is described. This is the first species of Pineus found on true firs.