This is a hybrid journal, which means it provides authors with options to make their articles open access. General information about hybrid journals can be found in our hybrid open access FAQs.

Gold Open Access

In this journal authors can choose to publish their articles as Gold Open Access under a Creative Commons licence. This enables anyone to access and redistribute the content and, depending upon the licence, re-use the content in new or derivative works.

The costs of publishing Gold OA in this journal are usually supported by an article processing charge (APC), typically paid by the author’s funding body or institution. APC rates for this journal can be found in our full APC Price List.

Support for Gold Open Access

Cambridge has made open access agreements with over 2,000 institutions around the world to provide funding support for Gold OA. If the corresponding author of a research article is affiliated with one of these institutions, in the majority of cases these agreements cover the full costs of publishing research Gold OA. Eligibility is automatically established during the publication process. Prospective authors can use our eligibility checker to see if their institution has an active agreement.

The Cambridge Open Equity Initiative (COEI) also funds Gold OA for corresponding authors from over 100 low- and middle-income countries. Eligibility is automatically established during the publication process.

In other cases an article processing charge (APC) will be required to cover the costs of publishing Gold Open Access in this journal.

Authors should only choose Gold Open Access if they are certain they have a way to cover the costs of publication. For articles that are not published Gold Open Access, costs of publishing Gold OA are not applicable.

Other routes to open access

Under this journal’s Green Open Access policy, authors can make pre-published versions of their articles available in institutional or other repositories, or on their personal or departmental websites, under certain conditions. This allows authors to comply with the open access mandates of many funders and institutions before the final article is published as Gold Open Access. For more information, please see Cambridge University Press’s Green Open Access policy page, where you can download a spreadsheet with full details about which versions of articles authors can post online, and where and when authors can post them.

This journal follows Cambridge’s Green Open Access policy for humanities and social science journals, which means pre-published versions of articles can be made available in non-commercial repositories at any time after the article is accepted.

Articles subject to Plan S as a result of funding by cOAlition S should be published as Gold Open Access. This journal's Green Open Access policy does not meet the open access requirements of Plan S.

If you have open access questions which are not answered by our policy pages and resources, please contact openresearch@cambridge.org.

Social Sharing

This journal participates in Cambridge Core Share, an initiative that allows a read-only version of a final published PDF (the Version of Record) to be shared and easily accessed by anyone. Core Share links, and Core Share PDFs containing the links, can be freely shared on social media sites and scholarly collaboration networks to enhance both the impact and discoverability of research.

Preprint policy

A preprint is an early version of an article prior to the version accepted for publication in a journal. This journal allows preprints to be posted anywhere at any time, including before submission to the journal. For more information, see the Cambridge University Press preprint policy.