Does the public accurately perceive how views change in society? Prevailing narratives suggest not, but we argue this conclusion stems from searching for the wrong kind of accuracy—demanding pollster-like precision instead of acknowledging the public’s robust perception of the ‘gist’ of change. Re-analyzing three large studies (total N = 2,236), we show that collective perceptions of change are incredibly consistent across different measurement methods (r > 0.90) and, critically, are highly aligned with actual historical data (r > 0.70). This collective wisdom is underpinned by a robust, individual-level ability to perceive the direction and relative force of these shifts. Moreover, there is a clear pattern to the minority of attitudes for which perceptions of change were inaccurate. We conclude that the public possesses a robust gist-based judgment that accurately tracks how various political attitudes have changed.

There is limited post-pandemic youth mental health data in low- and middle-income countries. This study describes the prevalence of suicidal ideation, suicidal attempt, and self-harm since the COVID-19 pandemic among young Filipino adolescents. Adolescents aged 13-16 years old from public and private high schools in Cavite, Philippines were recruited for a cross-sectional school survey conducted from May 2023 to February 2024. Suicidal behaviours and self-harm since the pandemic were determined using a self-administered questionnaire alongside sociodemographics and internalising and externalising symptoms. Of the 1,229 13-16-year-olds who completed the survey, 54.0% experienced suicidal ideation, 24.2% attempted suicide, and 34.2 % reported self-harm between 30 January 2020 and the date when they completed the survey. The prevalence of suicide attempts was higher among females (29.6%) than males (13.1%). Parental absence was associated with suicidal attempts (ARRR=2.93) and self-harm and/or suicidal ideation (ARRR=2.00) while living with either the biological mother or father was moderated by gender. Internalising and externalising symptom scores increased the risk for both outcomes by ≥15%. This study revealed a high prevalence of suicidal and self-harming behaviours among young adolescents in the Philippines. This calls for action to implement population-based strategies in suicide prevention, early screening, and cross-sectoral intervention.

Continuous immersion in a second language causes speakers’ first language to change, a phenomenon known as L1 attrition. We explored (1) whether bilingual native Mandarin speakers display attrition-related changes in their use of referring expressions in Mandarin after exposure to English and (2) whether the severity of attrition is affected by the amount of exposure to both Mandarin (L1) and English (L2) and English proficiency. All participants completed a questionnaire to assess their language experience and a picture description task in spoken Mandarin. The results show that where more monolingual Mandarin speakers preferred null pronouns, bilingual speakers tended to use overt pronouns, suggesting attrition-related changes in their native language which favoured explicitness. Our study also shows that decreased use of L1 coupled with increased use of L2 and higher L2 proficiency are likely to result in a greater degree of attrition, although such an association is statistically unreliable in some models.

The present study compares the use of morphological case for argument interpretation between German L1 speakers in Norway and Germany to investigate whether and how processing may be affected by attrition. Participants were presented with a spoken sentence and pictures of two scenes, one showing an event as described by a transitive or ditransitive sentence and another showing the same event, with the roles of agent and patient (transitives) or recipient and theme (ditransitives) reversed. Their task was to select the scene that matched the sentence. End-of-sentence responses show no between-group differences in comprehension. Moreover, eye movements show that both groups exploit case marking on the first noun phrase in transitive sentences in the same way. However, differences in processing between groups emerge for the use of case marking on the first object following a ditransitive verb. While the home country group shows a higher likelihood of looks to the target after a dative-marked article than after an accusative-marked article prior to the second object, the reverse holds for the expat group, at least temporarily. Altogether, the results indicate subtle changes in the processing of alternating argument orders in ditransitive sentences in L1 German, potentially as a result of the bi-/multilingual experience.

Recent corporate scandals and excessively egotistical behavior on the part of organizational leaders underscore the need for industrial and organizational (I-O) psychology and human resource (HR) scholars and practitioners to critically examine how organizational systems and practices can stimulate leader narcissism. Whereas most organizational scholarship considers leader narcissism to be a stable input that influences important organizational outcomes, we challenge organizational scholars and practitioners to further inspect how organizational practices may either stimulate or suppress leader narcissism. We focus on HR practices as one specific set of organizational practices within the area of expertise of I-O psychologists and HR professionals. Drawing on self-categorization theory, we argue that highly personalizing HR practices (e.g., hypercompetitive leader selection, high-potential programs, elevated leader pay) can encourage leaders to define themselves in terms of a “special” personal identity in ways that set them apart from the broader collective within organizations and in turn facilitate leader narcissism. In contrast, we argue that depersonalizing HR practices (e.g., rotational leader selection, inclusive developmental programs, interdependent rewards) can encourage leaders to act in group-oriented ways that benefit the interests of others in an organization—and beyond. We call on organizational scholars and practitioners to consider more carefully how HR practices—often designed with the goal of cultivating leadership potential—may unintentionally reinforce leader narcissism. With this analysis, we hope to stimulate research in this area and offer insights to shape HR policies and practices in ways that discourage destructive forms of leader narcissism.

Peer review is part of the bedrock of science. In recent years the focus of peer review has shifted toward developmental reviewing, an approach intended to focus on the author’s growth and development. Yet, does the focus on developing the author have unintended consequences for the development of science? In this paper, we critique the developmental approach to peer review and contrast it with the constructive approach, which focuses on improvement of the research. We suggest the developmental approach, although with laudable aims, has also produced unintended consequences that negatively impact authors’ experiences as well as the quality and meaningfulness of the science published. We identify problems and discuss potential solutions that can strengthen peer review and contribute to science for a smarter workplace.

This study investigates whether metaphors and similes are processed the same way or not. Comparison accounts of metaphor claim that metaphors and similes use the same cognitive mechanisms because metaphors are implicit similes, while Categorization accounts claim that the two figures of speech require different cognitive mechanisms. It is unclear which position has the most support. We address this by introducing the distinction between single and extended metaphors to this debate. Several experiments have shown that a metaphor preceded by another metaphor is read faster than a single metaphor. If similes in extended and non-extended contexts display a similar processing difference, this would support views saying that metaphors and similes are processed the same way. If not, it would be more in line with the view that they are processed differently. Using an eye-tracking reading paradigm, we find that the difference between processing single and extended metaphors does not hold in the case of simile comprehension. This is more compatible with Categorization accounts than with Comparison accounts; if the cognitive mechanism behind metaphor and simile processing is the same, we would expect there to be a comparable processing difference between metaphors and similes in the single and extended conditions.