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This established textbook provides an accessible but comprehensive introduction to the quantum nature of light and its interaction with matter. The field of quantum optics is covered with clarity and depth, from the underlying theoretical framework of field quantization, atom–field interactions, and quantum coherence theory, to important and modern applications at the forefront of current research such as quantum interferometry, squeezed light, quantum entanglement, cavity quantum electrodynamics, laser-cooled trapped ions, and quantum information processing. The text is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students and would be an ideal main text for a course on quantum optics. This long-awaited second edition builds upon the success of the first edition, including many new developments in the field, particularly in the area of quantum state engineering. Additional homework problems have been added, and content from the first edition has been updated and clarified throughout.
This chapter starts with the quantization of a single mode of the electromagnetic field and introduces the photon annihilation and creation operators. The photon number states are introduced. The field quadrature operators are introduced and quantum fluctuations are discussed. Multimode fields are then discussed. Thermal fields are introduced and vacuum fluctuations and the zero-point energy are discussed. The quantum phase of a quantized single-mode field is introduced.