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11836 results in Plant sciences

Page 18 of 592

  • 12 - Applications of Leaf Optics

  • Stéphane Jacquemoud, Susan Ustin, University of California, Davis
  • Book:
    Leaf Optical Properties
    Published online:
    19 August 2019
    Print publication:
    05 September 2019, pp 357-403

  • Summary

    Applications of leaf spectroscopy have many different end uses. Leaf level information is crucial to quantify the state of physiological processes, for example the energy budget and transpiration. It is used to monitor photosynthetic rates and respiration rates. It provides a basis to scale environmental processes from the molecule to the planet. Leaf spectroscopy is also used in remote sensing studies to calibrate processes and provide ground truth data for interpretation, and in agriculture to indirectly calibrate foliar nutrients like nitrogen concentration.

  • 6 - Variation Due to Leaf Structural, Chemical, and Physiological Traits

  • Stéphane Jacquemoud, Susan Ustin, University of California, Davis
  • Book:
    Leaf Optical Properties
    Published online:
    19 August 2019
    Print publication:
    05 September 2019, pp 170-194

  • Summary

    Changes in leaf internal structure may affect leaf optical properties to varying degrees in different parts of the solar spectrum, but they are most evident in the near infrared (NIR) where absorption by pigments is minimal. The mesophyll anatomy of leaves of terrestrial plants is highly variable. To illustrate the effect of such variability on leaf optical properties, Gausman et al. (1971c) selected 11 species displaying a wide range of internal structures (compact, dorsiventral, isolateral, and succulent) and thicknesses.

  • 2 - Leaf Biophysics

  • Stéphane Jacquemoud, Susan Ustin, University of California, Davis
  • Book:
    Leaf Optical Properties
    Published online:
    19 August 2019
    Print publication:
    05 September 2019, pp 12-47

  • Summary

    This chapter aims to describe the basic anatomy of common groups of higher plants. including the tissues of leaves, their main cell types, and the biochemical constituents that characterize their functional properties. It should provide enough detail on the main construction of plant leaves and how major groups of plants are distinguished based on anatomy, morphology, cell type distribution, and biochemistry. The three-dimensional structure and arrangement of the organelles, cells, and tissues in the leaf are critical to understanding the photon transport in leaf tissue and how these traits relate to the physiological processes of photosynthesis, respiration, and transpiration.

  • 11 - Extraction of Leaf Traits

  • Stéphane Jacquemoud, Susan Ustin, University of California, Davis
  • Book:
    Leaf Optical Properties
    Published online:
    19 August 2019
    Print publication:
    05 September 2019, pp 320-356

  • Summary

    Leaf directional-hemispherical or bidirectional reflectance and transmittance spectra can directly feed canopy reflectance models as input parameters, but the measurement of these properties is not an end in itself. A large number of spectral analysis methods have been proposed to detect plant biochemistry, ranging from simple band ratios to inversion of radiative transfer methods of varying complexity. The estimation of leaf biophysical parameters is often developed in parallel with the estimation of canopy characteristics, using the same methods as detailed below.

Leaf Optical Properties
  • Stéphane Jacquemoud, Susan Ustin
  • Published online:
    19 August 2019
    Print publication:
    05 September 2019
  • Plant leaves collectively represent the largest above-ground surface area of plant material in virtually all environments. Their optical properties determine where and how energy and gas exchange occurs, which in turn drives the energy budget of the planet, and defines its ecology and habitability. This book reviews the state-of-the-art research on leaf optics. Topics covered include leaf traits, the anatomy and structure of leaves, leaf colour, biophysics and spectroscopy, radiometry, radiative transfer models, and remote and proximal sensing. A physical approach is emphasised throughout, providing the necessary foundations in physics, chemistry and biology to make the context accessible to readers from various subject backgrounds. It is a valuable resource for advanced students, researchers and government agency practitioners in remote sensing, plant physiology, ecology, resource management and conservation.

Introduction to Plant Fossils
  • 2nd edition
  • Christopher J. Cleal, Barry A. Thomas
  • Published online:
    28 June 2019
    Print publication:
    27 June 2019
  • Plant remains can preserve a critical part of history of life on Earth. While telling the fascinating evolutionary story of plants and vegetation across the last 500 million years, this book also crucially offers non-specialists a practical guide to studying, dealing with and interpreting plant fossils. It shows how various techniques can be used to reveal the secrets of plant fossils and how to identify common types, such as compressions and impressions. Incorporating the concepts of evolutionary floras, this second edition includes revised data on all main plant groups, the latest approaches to naming plant fossils using fossil-taxa and techniques such as tomography. With extensive illustrations of plant fossils and living plants, the book encourages readers to think of fossils as once-living organisms. It is written for students on introductory or intermediate courses in palaeobotany, palaeontology, plant evolutionary biology and plant science, and for amateurs interested in studying plant fossils.

Page 18 of 592