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2006 results in Cognitive Psychology

Page 9 of 101

Good Thinking
  • Seven Powerful Ideas That Influence the Way We Think
  • 2nd edition
  • Denise D. Cummins
  • Published online:
    18 February 2021
    Print publication:
    04 March 2021
  • This book is for anyone who wonders whether to trust the media, seeks creative solutions to problems, or grapples with ethical dilemmas. Cognitive scientist Denise D. Cummins clearly explains how experts in economics, philosophy, and science use seven powerful decision-making methods to tackle these challenges. These techniques include: logic, moral judgment, analogical reasoning, scientific reasoning, rational choice, game theory and creative problem solving. Updated and revised in a second edition, each chapter now features quizzes for course use or self-study.

  • 1 - Argumentation

  • Raymond S. Nickerson, Tufts University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Argumentation
    Published online:
    27 November 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 1-15

  • Summary

    What an argument is, for purposes of this book. Examples of definitions. Purposes that arguments serve. Notable arguments in history. Argumentation as reasoning and conversely. Why another book on argumentation?

  • 6 - Fallacies

  • Raymond S. Nickerson, Tufts University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Argumentation
    Published online:
    27 November 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 164-207

  • Summary

    What is a fallacy? Types of fallacies. Relativity of fallaciousness. Formal and linguistic difficulties and confusions. Ambiguity. Difficulties with syllogisms. Atmosphere and other effects. Non sequitur reasoning. Stereotyping. Reification. Proof by analogy. Rationalization.

  • 4 - Persuasiveness

  • Raymond S. Nickerson, Tufts University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Argumentation
    Published online:
    27 November 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 102-134

  • Summary

    What makes an argument persuasive? Properties of arguments (e.g., form, associations, complexity). Properties of arguers (e.g., source, domain knowledge, preferences).

  • 10 - Improving Argumentation

  • Raymond S. Nickerson, Tufts University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Argumentation
    Published online:
    27 November 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 330-344

  • Summary

    Teaching higher-order cognitive skills. Teaching fallacies. Reducing biases. Collaborative learning. The basics of formal logic. Principles of informal reasoning. A perspective. Some grandfatherly advice. A metaphor. Final thought.

  • 8 - Other Flaws and Foibles

  • Raymond S. Nickerson, Tufts University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Argumentation
    Published online:
    27 November 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 263-290

  • Summary

    Oversimplification. False dichotomies. Misleading truths. Failures of omission. The principle of invariance. Overweighting the here-and-now. Failure to write off sunk costs. Failure to consider opportunity costs. The myth of objectivity (in journalism, historical reporting, in science).

  • 9 - Stratagems

  • Raymond S. Nickerson, Tufts University, Massachusetts
  • Book:
    Argumentation
    Published online:
    27 November 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 291-329

  • Summary

    Appeal to tradition, common knowledge, ignorance, vanity. Proof by selected instances, frequent repetition, obfuscation, blatant assertion. Straw man. Diversion. Incredulity and ridicule. Exploitation of linguistic ambiguity. Linguistic preemption. Selective use of statistics. Ploys and entrapment. Misleading (not necessarily false) claims.

Page 9 of 101