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This chapter takes a macro perspective on the dataset, looking at the way in which discourse on the different sites offer insights about Muslim, Christian, and atheist discourse more generally. The analysis focuses on the ways in keywords from the different sites can be compared. Keyword analysis reveals difference in register, particularly the use of 'Allah phrases' in Muslim discourse to mark piety and community inclusion. Finally, the chapter considers the ways in which micro-celebrity affects the power of particular users for their audiences and questions the difference between audience and community on YouTube and social network sites more generally.
This chapter charts the history of interaction between Christians, atheists, and Muslims online. Starting by looking at the Internet as a site of social interaction, it describes how interaction between Christianity and Islam have emerged in online spaces, and how 'conversion' and 'reversion' are understood in both religions. The development of so called 'new atheism' is also presented, particularly as it relates to communities in online spaces. The chapter shows how social networking sites create unique contexts in which users must appeal to a variety of different audiences and argues that there has been an influence of Evangelical Christianity on the ways in which faith is discussed online, with a mixture of focus on faith and evidence as well as personal experiences.
This chapter investigates the stories that are present in the dataset and how positions are developed within particular stories to reveal insights about how users view themselves as storytellers, how they view their audiences, and what they understand about themselves in society. The chapter looks specifically at how stories of conversion and reversion to Christianity, atheism, and Islam are used to convince others. The chapter argues that there are similarities in how users talk about coming to religious faith, or about leaving religious faith. The analysis also shows that many of the stories and storylines in the discourse of the users is similar to historical ways of portraying people of faith and atheists.
This chapter will present my methods for gathering and analysing data in the book. Developing a discourse-dynamics approach to interaction, the methods chapter shows how discourse-centered online ethnography is adapted to collect data from three prominent users of social media. To analyse their interaction, positioning analysis and corpus linguistics are used to gain both macro and micro perspectives on the interation. The ethics of doing research in online settings are also considered, particularly the consquences of using public Facebook and YouTube comments.
Antagonistic interaction between users goes back to the beginning of the Internet and this long history of antagonistic uses of online techinologies shapes how users approach them. In this chapter, conflict that is at the centre of the interaction among Joshua Feuerstein, John Fontain, and theamazingatheist is analysised and shows how antagonistic interaction among users provides users an affordance to take positions in relation to others. Rather than being a negative feature of online interaction, users take advantage of conflict to present their own beliefs and make arguments against others. By attacking others, users can build camraderie among users who share the same beliefs as them and increase the strength of presence as leaders.
In the online world, people argue about anything and everything - religion is no exception. Stephen Pihlaja investigates how several prominent social media figures present views about religion in an environment where their positions are challenged. The analysis shows how conflict creates a space for users to share, explain, and develop their opinions and beliefs, by making appeals to both a core audience of like-minded viewers and a broader audience of viewers who are potentially interested in the claims, ambivalent, or openly hostile. The book argues that in the back-and-forth of these arguments, the positions that users take in response to the arguments of others have consequences for how religious talk develops, and potentially for how people understand and practice their beliefs in the twenty-first century. Based on original empirical research, it addresses long-debated questions in sociolinguistics and discourse analysis regarding the role of language in building solidarity, defining identity and establishing genres and registers of interaction.