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2868 results in Solid mechanics and materials

Page 89 of 144

Creep and Fracture of Ice
  • Erland M. Schulson, Paul Duval
  • Published online:
    01 February 2010
    Print publication:
    30 April 2009
  • This is the first complete account of the physics of the creep and fracture of ice, and their interconnectivity. It investigates the deformation of low-pressure ice, which is fundamental to glaciers, polar ice sheets and the uppermost region of icy moons of the outer Solar System. The book discusses ice structure and its defects, and describes the relationship between structure and mechanical properties. It reviews observations and measurements, and then interprets them in terms of physical mechanisms. The book provides a road-map to future studies of ice mechanics, such as the behaviour of glaciers and ice sheets in relation to climate change and the dating of deep ice cores. It also highlights how this knowledge is transferable into an understanding of other crystalline materials. Written by experts in the field, it is ideal for graduate students, engineers and scientists in Earth and planetary science, and materials science.

Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation
  • Chris Chapman
  • Published online:
    19 January 2010
    Print publication:
    29 July 2004
  • Fundamentals of Seismic Wave Propagation, published in 2004, presents a comprehensive introduction to the propagation of high-frequency body-waves in elastodynamics. The theory of seismic wave propagation in acoustic, elastic and anisotropic media is developed to allow seismic waves to be modelled in complex, realistic three-dimensional Earth models. This book provides a consistent and thorough development of modelling methods widely used in elastic wave propagation ranging from the whole Earth, through regional and crustal seismology, exploration seismics to borehole seismics, sonics and ultrasonics. Particular emphasis is placed on developing a consistent notation and approach throughout, which highlights similarities and allows more complicated methods and extensions to be developed without difficulty. This book is intended as a text for graduate courses in theoretical seismology, and as a reference for all academic and industrial seismologists using numerical modelling methods. Exercises and suggestions for further reading are included in each chapter.

Introduction to Finite Element Vibration Analysis
  • Maurice Petyt
  • Published online:
    13 January 2010
    Print publication:
    12 April 1990
  • This book presents an introduction to the mathematical basis of finite element analysis as applied to vibrating systems. Finite element analysis is a technique which is very important in modelling the response of structures to dynamic loads and is widely used in aeronautical, civil and mechanical engineering as well as naval architecture. Commercial computer programs based on this technique already exist. Nevertheless, a knowledge of the mathematical principles involved is necessary before they can be successfully used. Therefore, this book assumes no previous knowledge of finite element techniques by the reader. The author has taught courses on the subject at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels. The book has been written in a modular style to make it suitable for use in courses of varying length and level.

Optical Methods of Engineering Analysis
  • Gary Cloud
  • Published online:
    12 January 2010
    Print publication:
    26 May 1995
  • Fundamental measurement problems in engineering, mechanics, manufacturing, and physics are now being solved by powerful optical methods. This book presents a lucid, up-to-date discussion of these optical methods. Beginning from a firm base in modern optics, the book proceeds through relevant theory of interference and diffraction and integrates this theory with descriptions of laboratory techniques and apparatus. Among the techniques discussed are classical interferometry, photoelasticity, geometric moire, spatial filtering, moire interferometry, holography, holographic interferometry, laser speckle interferometry, and video-based speckle methods. By providing a firm base in the physical principles and at the same time allowing the reader to perform meaningful experiments related to the topic being studied, the book offers a unique user-oriented approach that will appeal to students, researchers and practising engineers.

Structural Impact
  • Norman Jones
  • Published online:
    09 January 2010
    Print publication:
    25 January 1990
  • Structural Impact is concerned with the behaviour of structures and components subjected to large dynamic loads which produce inelastic deformation. This field is of particular interest for the crash-worthiness design of aircraft, buses, cars, trains, ships and marine structures, and the energy absorbing characteristics of various components for a wide variety of safety calculations. The book begins by introducing rigid plastic methods of analysis for the static behaviour and dynamic response of beams, plates and shells. This is followed by discussions of various phenomena of importance in structural impact, the influence of transverse shear, rotatory inertia, finite-displacements and material strain rate sensitivity. Dynamic progressive buckling and dynamic plastic buckling are also discussed. The book will be of value to anyone working in industries where safety due to structural impact is important.

Nonlinear Vibrations and Stability of Shells and Plates
  • Marco Amabili
  • Published online:
    08 January 2010
    Print publication:
    14 January 2008
  • This unique book explores both theoretical and experimental aspects of nonlinear vibrations and stability of shells and plates. It is ideal for researchers, professionals, students, and instructors. Expert researchers will find the most recent progresses in nonlinear vibrations and stability of shells and plates, including advanced problems of shells with fluid-structure interaction. Professionals will find many practical concepts, diagrams, and numerical results, useful for the design of shells and plates made of traditional and advanced materials. They will be able to understand complex phenomena such as dynamic instability, bifurcations, and chaos, without needing an extensive mathematical background. Graduate students will find (i) a complete text on nonlinear mechanics of shells and plates, collecting almost all the available theories in a simple form, (ii) an introduction to nonlinear dynamics, and (iii) the state of art on the nonlinear vibrations and stability of shells and plates, including fluid-structure interaction problems.

Impact Mechanics
  • W. J. Stronge
  • Published online:
    08 January 2010
    Print publication:
    29 May 2000
  • Impact mechanics is concerned with the reaction forces that develop during a collision and the dynamic response of structures to these reaction forces. The subject has a wide range of engineering applications, from designing sports equipment to improving the crashworthiness of automobiles. This book develops several different methodologies for analysing collisions between structures. These range from rigid body theory for structures that are stiff and compact, to vibration and wave analyses for flexible structures. The emphasis is on low-speed impact where damage is local to the small region of contact between the colliding bodies. The analytical methods presented give results that are more robust or less sensitive to initial conditions than have been achieved hitherto. As a text, Impact Mechanics builds upon foundation courses in dynamics and strength of materials. It includes numerous industrially relevant examples and end-of-chapter homework problems drawn from industry and sports. Practising engineers will also find the methods presented in this book useful in calculating the response of a mechanical system to impact.

Non-Classical Problems in the Theory of Elastic Stability
  • Isaac Elishakoff, Yiwei Li, James H. Starnes, Jr
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    29 January 2001
  • When a structure is put under an increasing compressive load, it becomes unstable and buckling occurs. Buckling is a particularly significant concern in designing shell structures such as aircraft, automobiles, ships, or bridges. This book discusses stability analysis and buckling problems and offers practical tools for dealing with uncertainties that exist in real systems. The techniques are based on two complementary theories which are developed in the text. First, the probabilistic theory of stability is presented, with particular emphasis on reliability. Both theoretical and computational issues are discussed. Secondly, the authors present the alternative to probability based on the notion of 'anti-optimization', a theory that is valid when the necessary information for probabilistic analysis is absent, that is, when only scant data are available. Design engineers, researchers, and graduate students in aerospace, mechanical, marine, and civil engineering who are concerned with issues of structural integrity will find this book a useful reference source.

The Nonlinear Theory of Elastic Shells
  • 2nd edition
  • A. Libai, J. G. Simmonds
  • Published online:
    06 January 2010
    Print publication:
    13 February 1998
  • Elastic shells are pervasive in everyday life. Examples of these thin-walled structures range from automobile hoods to basketballs, veins, arteries and soft drink cans. This book explains shell theory, with numerous examples and applications. As a second edition, it not only brings all the material of the first edition entirely up to date, it also adds two entirely new chapters on general shell theory and general membrane theory. Aerospace, mechanical and civil engineers, as well as applied mathematicians, will find this book a clearly written and thorough information source on shell theory.

Reciprocity in Elastodynamics
  • J. D. Achenbach
  • Published online:
    10 December 2009
    Print publication:
    26 February 2004
  • The reciprocity theorem has been used for over 100 years to establish interesting and useful relations between different loading states of a body. This book discusses current and novel uses of reciprocity relations for the determination of elastodynamic fields. The author, who is internationally distinguished for his contributions to theoretical and applied mechanics, presents a novel method to solve for wave fields, shedding new light on the use of reciprocity relations for dynamic fields in an elastic body. The material presented in the book is relevant to several fields in engineering and applied physics. Examples are ultrasonics for medical imaging and non-destructive evaluation, acoustic microscopy, seismology, exploratory geophysics, structural acoustics, and the response of structures to high-rate loads and the determination of material properties by ultrasonic techniques.

Elasticity with Mathematica ®
  • An Introduction to Continuum Mechanics and Linear Elasticity
  • Andrei Constantinescu, Alexander Korsunsky
  • Published online:
    11 November 2009
    Print publication:
    08 October 2007
  • This book introduces key ideas and principles in the theory of elasticity with the help of symbolic computation. Differential and integral operators on vector and tensor fields of displacements, strains and stresses are considered on a consistent and rigorous basis with respect to curvilinear orthogonal coordinate systems. As a consequence, vector and tensor objects can be manipulated readily, and fundamental concepts can be illustrated and problems solved with ease. The method is illustrated using a variety of plane and three-dimensional elastic problems. General theorems, fundamental solutions, displacements and stress potentials are presented and discussed. The Rayleigh-Ritz method for obtaining approximate solutions is introduced for elastostatic and spectral analysis problems. Containing more than 60 exercises and solutions in the form of Mathematica notebooks that accompany every chapter, the reader can learn and master the techniques while applying them to a large range of practical and fundamental problems.

Dynamics of Multibody Systems
  • 3rd edition
  • Ahmed A. Shabana
  • Published online:
    10 November 2009
    Print publication:
    02 May 2005
  • Dynamics of Multibody Systems, 3rd Edition, first published in 2005, introduces multibody dynamics, with an emphasis on flexible body dynamics. Many common mechanisms such as automobiles, space structures, robots and micromachines have mechanical and structural systems that consist of interconnected rigid and deformable components. The dynamics of these large-scale, multibody systems are highly nonlinear, presenting complex problems that in most cases can only be solved with computer-based techniques. The book begins with a review of the basic ideas of kinematics and the dynamics of rigid and deformable bodies before moving on to more advanced topics and computer implementation. This revised third edition now includes important developments relating to the problem of large deformations and numerical algorithms as applied to flexible multibody systems. The book's wealth of examples and practical applications will be useful to graduate students, researchers, and practising engineers working on a wide variety of flexible multibody systems.

Statics and Kinematics with Applications to Robotics
  • Joseph Duffy
  • Published online:
    06 November 2009
    Print publication:
    31 May 1996
  • Robotic manipulators are becoming increasingly important in research and industry, and an understanding of statics and kinematics is essential to solving problems of robotics. This book, written by an eminent researcher and practitioner, provides a thorough introduction to statics and first-order instantaneous kinematics with applications to robotics. The emphasis is on serial and parallel planar manipulators and mechanisms. The text differs from others in that it is based solely upon the concepts of classical geometry. It describes how to introduce linear springs into the connectors of parallel manipulators and to provide a proper geometric method for controlling the force and motion of a rigid lamina. Both students and practising engineers will find this book easy to follow, with a clearly written text and abundant illustrations, as well as exercises and real-world projects to work on.

Crystals, Defects and Microstructures
  • Modeling Across Scales
  • Rob Phillips
  • Published online:
    29 October 2009
    Print publication:
    22 February 2001
  • Materials science has emerged as one of the central pillars of the modern physical sciences and engineering, and is now even beginning to claim a role in the biological sciences. A central tenet in the analysis of materials is the structure-property paradigm, which proposes a direct connection between the geometric structures within a material and its properties. The increasing power of high-speed computation has had a major impact on theoretical materials science and has permitted the systematic examination of this connection between structure and properties. In this graduate textbook, Rob Phillips examines the various methods that have been used in the study of crystals, defects and microstructures and that have made such computations possible. A second key theme is the presentation of recent efforts that have been developed to treat problems involving either multiple spatial or temporal scales simultaneously.

Physical Analysis for Tribology
  • Terence F. J. Quinn
  • Published online:
    29 October 2009
    Print publication:
    22 February 1991
  • Physical Analysis for Tribology presents a unified approach to the study of wear in mechanical systems. Written by a leading expert who has studied and taught the subject both in Britain and the USA, this book will be valuable to researchers and students with a wide range of experience in tribology. The book concentrates on the methods of physical analysis and the applications of these techniques. This is then illustrated by a discussion of specific tribosystems. The early chapters provide an introduction to physical analysis that is thorough and rigorous. This prepares the reader with all the knowledge necessary to understand the subsequent discussion of applications. Although the description of systems is not exhaustive, the treatment and the theory are universal and will therefore be relevant to individual case studies. The book will appeal to tribologists from a wide variety of disciplines and will be of interest to researchers in physics, chemistry, metallurgy and mechanical engineering.

Impact on Composite Structures
  • Serge Abrate
  • Published online:
    19 October 2009
    Print publication:
    28 April 1998
  • Composites are used extensively in engineering applications. A constant concern is the effect of foreign object impacts on composite structures because significant damage can occur and yet be undetectable by visual inspection. Such impacts can range from the most ordinary at low velocity - a tool dropped on a product - to the hypervelocity impact of space debris on a spacecraft. This book explains how damage develops during impact, the effect of impact-induced damage on the mechanical behavior of structures, and methods of damage prediction and detection. Numerous examples are included to illustrate these topics. Written for graduate students, as well as researchers and practising engineers working with composite materials, this book presents state-of-the-art knowledge on impact dynamics while requiring only basic understanding of the mechanics of composite materials.

Fibrous Materials
  • Krishan Kumar Chawla
  • Published online:
    13 October 2009
    Print publication:
    22 January 1998
  • This book is about the processing, microstructure and properties of materials in fibrous form. The range of fibrous materials covered spans natural polymeric fibres such as silk, synthetic polymeric fibres such as aramid and polyethylene, metallic fibres such as steel and tungsten, and ceramic fibres such as alumina and silicon carbide. The author explains the fundamentals in a clear and concise manner and describes important advances in the production and control of microstructure in high stiffness and high strength fibres. The text contains large numbers of diagrams and micrographs to bring home to the reader the important principles and concepts. The book will be of value to senior undergraduates, beginning graduate students and researchers in the fields of materials science and engineering, metallurgy, ceramics, textile physics and engineering, mechanical engineering and chemical engineering.

Dynamics and Control of Distributed Systems
  • Edited by H. S. Tzou, L. A. Bergman
  • Published online:
    12 October 2009
    Print publication:
    28 July 1998
  • Distributed parameter systems encompass a broad range of engineering applications from stereo speakers to space structures. The dynamic behaviour of these systems is usually governed by one or more partial differential equations, which may accurately represent the physical system but are often difficult to solve exactly. Research in the dynamics and control of distributed parameter structural systems has grown dramatically in recent years, owing in part to the increasing complexity of these systems. Emerging technologies such as smart materials and mechatronics have contributed to growth in interest. The purpose of this book is to document progress in both theory and practical applications. Chapters discuss simulation, modelling, and analysis techniques used to investigate a variety of elastic, electromechanical and acoustic systems. With contributions by leading authorities, this book will serve as a resource for researchers and graduate students and also as a useful reference for practising engineers working in the area of dynamics and control of distributed systems.

Nonlinear Elasticity
  • Theory and Applications
  • Edited by Y. B. Fu, R. W. Ogden
  • Published online:
    09 October 2009
    Print publication:
    07 May 2001
  • Nonlinear elasticity is concerned with nonlinear effects associated with deformations of elastic bodies subjected to external forces or temperature variations. It has important applications in many areas, including the aerospace and rubber industries, and biomechanics. This book, written by a group of leading researchers invited especially for the purpose, provides an up-to-date and concise account of the fundamentals of the theory of nonlinear elasticity and a comprehensive review of several major current research directions in this important field. It combines the characteristics of coherence and detail found in standard treatises with the strength and freshness of research articles. The emphasis is placed firmly on coverage of modern topics and recent developments rather than on the very theoretical approach often found. The book will be an excellent reference source for both beginners and specialists in engineering, applied mathematics and physics. It is also ideally suited for graduate courses.

The Bending and Stretching of Plates
  • 2nd edition
  • E. H. Mansfield
  • Published online:
    07 October 2009
    Print publication:
    29 September 1989
  • The Bending and Stretching of Plates is written by one of the world's leading authorities on plate-behaviour. Although the mathematical content is necessarily high, the aim is to give a clear physical insight into elastic plate behaviour; the style is thus appropriate to engineers and applied mathematicians. Small-deflexion theory is treated in Part 1, with a discussion of basic equations (including thermal effects and multi-layered anisotropic plates, rectangular plates, circular and other shaped plates, plates whose boundaries are amenable to conformal transformation, plates with variable thickness, and approximate methods). Large-deflexion theory is treated in Part 2 in chapters dealing with basic equations and exact solutions, approximate methods (including post-buckling behaviour), and asymptotic theories for very thin plates (including tension field theory and inextensional theory).

Page 89 of 144