The chapter introduces smart programmable microgrids (SPMs). The vision is to virtualize microgrid functions, making them software-defined and hardware-independent, so that converting DERs to community microgrids becomes affordable, autonomic, and secure. The development of SPM is expected to lead to groundbreaking, replicable technologies that could transform today's community power infrastructures into tomorrow's flexible services toward self-configuration, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protection.

This chapter introduces a powerful online distributed and asynchronous active fault management (DA-AFM) tool which proactively manages the fault currents by controlling the power electronic interfaces and eliminates the barriers against networked microgrids resilience and the ultrareliable operations of DERs/microgrids. Upon fault occurrence, DA-AFM is able to maintain the total fault current unchanged to avoid detrimental impact on the power grid, to eliminate the damaging power ripples for inverters in DERs/microgrids, and to ensure that the power flow of each individual microgrid is identical before and after fault to avoid loss of loads and maintain networked microgrid stability.

This chapter covers basics on microgrid operation, distributed energy resources modeling, microgrid control, and virtual synchronous generator. The main topics are hierarchical control principle, droop control, and other advanced controls.

This section lists all major events that are in some way related to Automotive Ethernet. The idea is to give the readers a perspective on the development predecessing and in parallel to the introduction of Automotive Ethernet.

This chapter gives a personal outlook on how the authors see the changes, chances, and challenges in the automotive industry in relation to the introduction of Automotive Ethernet.

This chapter enlightens the framework that allowed Ethernet to be introduced as a new in-vehicle networking technology. It explains the early use cases as well as the infrastructure that was set up in order to support the proliferation of Automotive Ethernet in the automotive industry.

Before adopting Automotive Ethernet, the automotive industry had developed and used a number of in-vehicle networking technologies. This chapter explains why and how in-vehicle networking was done before the advent of Automotive Ethernet. Furthermore, it explains the eco-system the automotive industry is used to working in when adopting new technologies.

Limited power consumption is ever more important. This chapter, therefore, explains the relationship between Ethernet and the power supply and introduces the methods available for power saving when deploying Automotive Ethernet.

This chapter addresses many other aspects that are affected in addition to the direct communication links, when introducing Automotive Ethernet into the vehicle architecture. It describes how the system development process is affected, the software design, the networking architecture, test and qualification, as well as functional safety. Last but not least it shares some important lessons learned.