Covers climate and hydrological processes, evaporation, precipitation, snowpack, glaciers, streamflow, and urban climate change.

Discusses statistical methods, covering random variables and variates, sample and population, frequency distributions, moments and moment measures, probability and stochastic processes, discrete and continuous probability distributions, return periods and quantiles, probability density functions, parameter estimation, hypothesis testing, confidence intervals, covariance, regression and correlation analysis, time-series analysis.

Deals with streamflow measurements and statistics, stage measurement, discharge measurement, stage-discharge relationship, streamflow statistics, flow duration analysis, flood frequency analysis, trends and correlation, regional frequency analysis, and environmental flow, introduces HEC-SSP and PeakFQ software for flood frequency analyses

Reservoir routing is discussed in dealing with storage-discharge relations, mehods of routing, modified Puls method, numerical methods of flood routing through reservoirs, and accuracy of calculations, existing and proposed reservoirs, reservoir routing in HEC-HMS, and storage methods.

Deals with reservoir operation, including rule curves, methods of mathematical programming, optimization of reservoir operations, simulation models, reservoir operation modeling with HEC-ResSim, mass curves, and reservoir siltation.

Presents snowmelt, discussing energy flux, physical propertirs of snow, metamorphism of snowpack, rate of snowmelt, energy exchange mechanisms, turbulent convection, snowmwlt runoff generation, and snow-covered areas.

Tidal range generation, tidal stream generation and wave power are discussed. The tidal energy resource is described, together with the use of harmonic constituents to predict the height of the tide and velocity of the tidal flow at a location. The principles of tidal range generation are discussed and ebb generation is illustrated. The main components of a tidal range scheme are explained as well as the potential environmental impact of any large tidal range scheme. Tidal barrages are compared with tidal lagoons. The generation of electricity from tidal streams is discussed and examples of the tidal stream resource provided. Tidal stream turbines are described and compared with wind turbines using axial momentum theory. Simple water wave theory is summarized and the use of the wave height and wave period to describe of the wave power resource is described. Prototyped devices for wave power generation are described and the power that would be generated by a wave power device wave climate is shown. The chapter is supported by 8 examples, 15 questions with answers and full solutions in the accompanying online material. Further reading and online resources are identified.

The second edition of this popular textbook has been extensively revised and brought up-to-date with new chapters addressing energy storage and off-grid systems. It provides a quantitative yet accessible overview of the renewable energy technologies that are essential for a net-zero carbon energy system. Covering wind, hydro, solar thermal, photovoltaic, ocean and bioenergy, the text is suitable for engineering undergraduates as well as graduate students from other numerate degrees. The technologies involved, background theory and how projects are developed, constructive and operated are described. Worked examples demonstrate the simple calculation techniques used and engage students by showing them how theory relates to real applications. Tutorial chapters provide background material supporting students from a range of disciplines, and there are over 150 end-of-chapter problems with answers. Online resources, restricted to instructors, provide additional material, including copies of the diagrams, full solutions to the problems and examples of extended exercises.

Photosynthesis takes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and stores the carbon in the biomass of plants and trees. This carbon is released when the biomass is converted to energy but the overall cycle of growing biomass through photosynthesis and converting it to useful energy can be considered to produce limited net emissions of greenhouse gases. The processes by which biomass is converted into energy are described, including the thermochemical processes of combustion and gasification of solid biomass, the biochemical processes of anaerobic digestion, and alcoholic fermentation and the extraction of oil from plants. Combustion of biomass to generate electricity is described and the gasification of biomass is discussed. Anaerobic digestion to produce biogas and the alcoholic fermentation of crops to produce biofuel are described. The production of biodiesel by the extraction and purification of vegetable oil from plants is also described. The chapter is supported by 5 examples, 16 questions with answers and full solutions in the accompanying online material. Further reading and online resources are identified.

The solar heating of buildings, the solar heating of water and solar thermal electricity generation are discussed. The importance of solar energy in determining the temperature of buildings is emphasized. The circuit representation of low-temperature heat transfer is used to estimate the heat loss and solar gain in buildings. The use of degree-days to predict the long-term performance of a building is illustrated and the behaviour of glass in capturing solar energy is described. The principles of solar water heating using a flat-plate or evacuated-tube solar collector is shown and the performance of a flat-plate solar collector is analysed. The use of selective absorber surfaces to improve the performance of a solar thermal system is discussed. High-temperature concentrated solar thermal systems are described with particular applications for electricity generation. Parabolic trough and Fresnel lens linear collectors are described as well as solar power tower schemes. The chapter is supported by 4 examples, 13 questions with answers and full solutions in the accompanying online material. Further reading and online resources are identified.