This chapter provides an introduction to the core concepts of HCI, for those with a legal background but not an HCI background. The chapter covers the history of HCI, the role of the individual user, different disciplines contributing to the "waves of HCI", the key role of design in HCI, HCI organizations, and doing user research.

Artificial Intelligence is an area of law where legal frameworks are still in early stages. The chapter discusses some of the core HCI-related concerns with AI, including deepfakes, bias and discrimination, and concepts within AI and intellectual property including AI infringement and AI protection

This chapter will delve into the relationship between intellectual property (IP) and human-computer interaction (HCI), examining how intellectual property rights and limitations influence the design process, drive technological progress, and shape user experiences.The chapter provides detailed discussions of the three main types of IP providing recognition and/or financial benefit for what people invent or create: patent, copyright, and trademark.

This chapter focuses on treaties, which can be established between individual countries or can be multilateral, such as those involving the United Nations. While much of the international law that impacts the U.S. is in the form of a treaty, there are also international laws that impact HCI in the U.S., such as the GDPR. Because the focus of this book is on U.S. law, the reason why only certain treaties and international laws are discussed in this chapter relates to their direct relevance or strong influence on U.S. law and HCI.

This chapter covers the core concepts of digital accessibility, including different definitions of accessibility, born-accessible design, technical standards for accessibility such as WCAG and EPUB3, core legal rules for accessibility including Section 504 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Air Carrier Access Act, and the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act, as well as state laws related to digital accessibility. This chapter also describes concepts in the legal framework including effective communications and nexus.

This chapter describes dark patterns, interface features designed to be deceptive, which may covertly manipulate users in the task flows. These dark patterns may tweak user interfaces or present choices in a way that is persuasive or may deceive, all with the goal of getting users to give up personal information or make purchasing decisions that they otherwise would not normally do if information was presented more neutrally. This chapter presents case law, Federal statutes and regulations, state statutes and regulations, and describes the relationship between dark patterns and consumer rights law