This chapter provides an introduction to the concepts of privacy, such as privacy-by-design and provides specific challenges related to privacy in HCI such as personally identifiable information, personal health data, personal genetic data, and location data. The chapter discusses Federal and state laws, as well as case law related to privacy of information, and how interfaces may enhance privacy or confuse users.

This chapter focuses on the technology-based interfaces/mechanisms used for voting, and the legal rules specifying the user experience of those electronic technologies used for voting. A legal history of electronic mechanisms for voting is presented, with a focus on the most influentual current Federal statutes--the Help America Vote Act (HAVA) and The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA).

This chapter provides (1) an overview of human subjects research in HCI; (2) a brief history of legal regulation for human subjects research in the United States; (3) an overview of applicable laws and how these are operationalized for academic research via university Institutional Review Boards (IRBs); (4) challenges for HCI research specifically under this regulatory regime; and (5) regulatory mechanisms for research beyond formal law, including professional responsibility and social norms.

This chapter provides an introduction to the core concepts of HCI, for those with a legal background but not an HCI background. The chapter covers the history of HCI, the role of the individual user, different disciplines contributing to the "waves of HCI", the key role of design in HCI, HCI organizations, and doing user research.

Artificial Intelligence is an area of law where legal frameworks are still in early stages. The chapter discusses some of the core HCI-related concerns with AI, including deepfakes, bias and discrimination, and concepts within AI and intellectual property including AI infringement and AI protection

This chapter will delve into the relationship between intellectual property (IP) and human-computer interaction (HCI), examining how intellectual property rights and limitations influence the design process, drive technological progress, and shape user experiences.The chapter provides detailed discussions of the three main types of IP providing recognition and/or financial benefit for what people invent or create: patent, copyright, and trademark.

This chapter focuses on treaties, which can be established between individual countries or can be multilateral, such as those involving the United Nations. While much of the international law that impacts the U.S. is in the form of a treaty, there are also international laws that impact HCI in the U.S., such as the GDPR. Because the focus of this book is on U.S. law, the reason why only certain treaties and international laws are discussed in this chapter relates to their direct relevance or strong influence on U.S. law and HCI.

This chapter covers the core concepts of digital accessibility, including different definitions of accessibility, born-accessible design, technical standards for accessibility such as WCAG and EPUB3, core legal rules for accessibility including Section 504 and Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Air Carrier Access Act, and the 21st Century Communications and Video Accessibility Act, as well as state laws related to digital accessibility. This chapter also describes concepts in the legal framework including effective communications and nexus.