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from Part I - The Ancient Routes of Trade and Cultural Exchanges and the First States (Sixth–Second Millennium bce)
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 October 2019
The collapse of the Indus civilization was accompanied by a decrease in trade both in the Persian Gulf and along the terrestrial routes east of Mesopotamia. The demise of the Sumerian world at this time “cannot be a mere coincidence.” De-urbanization occurred at the same time in Iran, while in Babylonia Hammurabi’s successors had to deal with a social and economic crisis, aggravated by the Kassite invasions. The “Old Babylonian Period” ended in 1595 with the looting of Babylon by the Hittites (MC) (in 1499 in the ultra-short chronology of Gasche et al. 1998).
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