Book contents
- Vietnam’s Coal Frontier
- Studies in Environment and History
- Vietnam’s Coal Frontier
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures and Tables
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Part I Precolonial Settings and the Introduction of Large-Scale Coal Mining
- Part II The Coal Regime during the Boom Years and an Environment at Stake
- Bibliography
- Index
- Studies in Environment and History (continuation of page ii)
- References
Bibliography
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 October 2025
Book contents
- Vietnam’s Coal Frontier
- Studies in Environment and History
- Vietnam’s Coal Frontier
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures and Tables
- Acknowledgments
- Abbreviations
- Introduction
- Part I Precolonial Settings and the Introduction of Large-Scale Coal Mining
- Part II The Coal Regime during the Boom Years and an Environment at Stake
- Bibliography
- Index
- Studies in Environment and History (continuation of page ii)
- References
Information
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Vietnam's Coal FrontierMining, Environment, and Empire, pp. 299 - 304Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025
References
Primary Sources
Secondary Sources
Auffret, Charles. Contribution à l’étude de l’alimentation en eau potable au Tonkin (Paris: Jouve & Cie, 1941).Google Scholar
Bavier-chauffour, Antoine. Un épisode de la colonisation du Tonkin (Haiphong: F.-H. Schneider, 1891).Google Scholar
Baumont, M. A. “Fixation des dunes, par boisement en Annam,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine no. 152 (January–February 1922): 1–27.Google Scholar
Bourgoin, , [forename unknown]. “Boisement de protection de la Route Coloniale 1,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine, A 41, fasc 3 (1938): 530–544.Google Scholar
Dupouy, Gaston. Études minéralogiques sur l’Indochine française (Paris: Emile Larose, 1913).Google Scholar
Ferry, Jules. Le Tonkin et la mère-patrie: Témoignages et documents (Paris: Victor-Harvard, 1890).Google Scholar
Fuchs, Edmond. Mémoire sur l’exploration des gîtes de combustibles et de quelques-uns des gîtes métallifères de l’Indo-Chine (Paris: Dunod Editeur, 1882).Google Scholar
Goudal, Jean. Problèmes de travail en Indochine (Geneva: Bureau international du travail, 1937).Google Scholar
Guibier, Henri. “Note sur les reboisements,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine, no. 163 (November–December 1923): 449–514.Google Scholar
Guillaumat, Pierre. “L’industrie minérale de l’Indochine en 1937,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine A 41, fasc 6 (1938): 1245–1338.Google Scholar
Guillaumat, Pierre. L’industrie minérale de l’Indochine en 1937 (Hanoi: Imprimerie d’extrême orient, 1938).Google Scholar
Lataste, Albert. “Note sur l’approvisionnement des mines en bois de soutènement en Indochine,” in Proceedings of the Sixth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific Science Association 1939 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1940–1943), 547–553.Google Scholar
Lataste, Albert. “Sur les caractères essentiels de la main-d’oeuvre industrielle, et minière en particulier de l’Indochine,” in Proceedings of the Sixth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific Science Association 1939 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1940–1943), 547–553.Google Scholar
Munier, Paul. “Visite au Pays noir: Les charbonnages de Dông Triều,” Indochine, hebdomadaire illustré, no. 59 (1941).Google Scholar
Raymond, and Bablet, [forenames unknown]. “Les eaux d’alimentation au Tonkin,” Bulletin de la société médico-chirurgicale de l’Indochine, no. 1 (1931): 5–27.Google Scholar
Rémaury, Henri. “Le Tonkin et ses ressources houillères, principalement dans la concession de l’île de Kebao,” in Memoires et Compte rendu des travaux de la Societe des ingénieurs civils (Paris: 10 cité Rougemont, 1890).Google Scholar
Robequain, Charles. L’évolution économique de l’Indochine française (Paris: Centre d’études de politique étrangère, 1939).Google Scholar
Sarran, Émile. “Le Tonkin au point de vue minier,” (Marseille: Imprimerie Moullot Fils Aîné, 1893).Google Scholar
Antony, Robert J. “Violence and Predation on the Sino-Vietnamese Maritime Frontier, 1450–1850,” Asia Major 27, no. 2 (2014): 87–114.Google Scholar
Bennett, Brett. “The El Dorado of Forestry: The Eucalyptus in India, South Africa, and Thailand, 1850–2000,” International Review of Social History 55, no. S18 (2010): 27–50.Google Scholar
Biggs, David. “Clearing, ‘Wasting,’ and Regreening: An Environmental History of Bare Hills in Central Vietnam,” Journal of Asian Studies 77, no. 4 (2018): 1037–1058.Google Scholar
Biggs, David. “Managing a Rebel Landscape: Conservation, Pioneers, and the Revolutionary Past in the U Minh Forest, Vietnam,” Environmental History 10, no. 3 (2005): 448–476.Google Scholar
Biggs, David. Quagmire: Nation-Building and Nature in the Mekong Delta (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Brocheux, Pierre and Hémery, Daniel. Indochine: La colonisation ambiguë, 1858–1914 (Paris: La Découverte, 2001).Google Scholar
Campagne, Armel. “French Energy Imperialism in Vietnam and the Conquest of Tonkin (1873–1885),” Journal of Energy History/Revue d’Histoire de l’Énergie 3, no. 2 (2019): 1–18.Google Scholar
Chakrabarti, Pratik. Western Science in Modern India: Metropolitan Methods, Colonial Practices (New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004).Google Scholar
Charles, Robequain. The Economic Development of French Indochina (London: Oxford University Press, 1944).Google Scholar
Cleary, Mark. “Managing the Forest in Colonial Indochina c. 1900–1940,” Modern Asian Studies 39, no. 2 (2005): 257–283.Google Scholar
Davis, Bradley C. Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Davis, Diana K. “Potential Forests: Degradation Narratives, Science, and Environmental Policy in Protectorate Morocco, 1912–1956,” Environmental History 10, no. 2 (2005): 211–238.Google Scholar
Davis, Diana K. Resurrecting the Granary of Rome: Environmental History and French Colonial Expansion in North Africa (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Davis, Diana K. and Robbins, Paul. “Ecologies of the Colonial Present: Pathological Forestry from the Taux de Boisement to Civilized Plantations,” Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 1, no. 4 (2018): 447–469.Google Scholar
Descours-Gatin, Chantal. Quand l’opium finançait la colonisation en Indochine (Paris: Editions L’Harmattan, 1992).Google Scholar
Firpo, Christina. Black Market Business: Selling Sex in Northern Vietnam, 1920–1945 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Ford, Caroline. “Reforestation, Landscape Conservation, and the Anxieties of Empire in French Colonial Algeria,” The American Historical Review 113, no. 2 (2008): 341–362.Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. “Écologie et gestion forestière dans l’Indochine française,” Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer 85, no. 319 (1998): 59–86.Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. “Forêts de Cochinchine et ‘bois coloniaux’, 1862–1900,” Autrepart 15 (2000): 49–72.Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. Histoire du régime et des services forestiers française en Indochine de 1862 à 1945 (Hanoi: Thế Giới Publishers, 1999).Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. “Protection des forêts et environnementalisme colonial: Indochine, 1860–1945,” Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 56, no. 4 (2009): 104–136.Google Scholar
Gray, Steven. Steam Power and Sea Power: Coal, the Royal Navy and the British Empire, c.1870–1914 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).Google Scholar
Grémont, Johann. Maintenir l’ordre aux confins de l’Empire: Pirates, trafiquants et rebelles entre Chine et Viêt Nam 1895–1940 (Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2018).Google Scholar
Grove, Richard. Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens, and the Origin of Environmentalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Kaur, Amarjit. “Hewers and Haulers: A History of Coal Miners and Coal Mining in Malaya,” Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (1990): 75–113.Google Scholar
Laboulais, Isabelle. “Serving Science and the State: Mining Science in France, 1794–1810,” Minerva 46, no. 1 (2008): 17–36.Google Scholar
Lehning, James R. “Categories of Conquest and Colonial Control: The French in Tonkin, 1884–1914,” in Violence, Colonialism and Empire in the Modern World, ed. Dwyer, Philip and Nettelbeck, Amanda (London: Palgrave Macmillan: 2018), 73–90.Google Scholar
McElwee, Pamela D. Forests Are Gold: Trees, People, and Environmental Rule in Vietnam (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Michitake, Aso. Rubber and the Making of Vietnam: An Ecological History, 1897–1975 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Miller, E. Willard. “Mineral Resources of Indo-China,” Economic Geography 22, no. 4 (1946): 268–279.Google Scholar
Murray, Martin J. The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina, 1870–1940 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980).Google Scholar
Pomeranz, Kenneth. The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony. “Chinese on the Mining Frontier in Southeast Asia,” in Chinese Circulations: Capital, Commodities, and Networks in Southeast Asia, ed. Tagliacozzo, Eric and Chang, Wen-chin (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011), 21–36.Google Scholar
Sasges, Gerard. Imperial Intoxication: Alcohol and the Making of Colonial Indochina (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Seow, Victor. Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Tagliacozzo, Eric. Secret Trades, Porous Borders: Smuggling and States along Southeast Asian Frontier, 1865–1915 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Tana, Li. “A View from the Sea: Perspectives on the Northern and Central Vietnamese Coast,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 37, no. 1 (2006): 83–102.Google Scholar
Vann, Michael and Liz, Clarke. The Great Hanoi Rat Hunt: Empire, Disease, and Modernity in French Colonial Vietnam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Vũ, Đường Luân. “The Politics of Frontier Mining: Local Chieftains, Chinese Miners, and Upland Society in the Nông Vӑn Vân Uprising in the Sino-Vietnamese Border Area, 1833–1835,” Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture 3, no. 2 (2014): 349–378.Google Scholar
Vũ, Đường Luân and Cooke, Nola, “Chinese Merchants and Mariners in Nineteenth-Century Tongking,” in The Tongking Gulf through History, ed. Cooke, Nola, Tana, Li, and Anderson, James (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 143–160.Google Scholar
Wright, Tim. Coal Mining in China’s Economy and Society 1895–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Wu, Shellen Xiao. Empires of Coal: Fueling China’s Entry into the Modern World Order 1860–1920 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Zinoman, Peter. The Colonial Bastille: A History of Imprisonment in Vietnam, 1862–1940 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Cao, Vӑn Biền, Giai cấp công nhân Việt Nam, thời kỳ 1936–1939 [Vietnamese Working Class, 1936–1939] (Hanoi: Khoa học xã hội Publisher, 1979).Google Scholar
Đại Nam Thực Lục [Veritable Records of Đại Nam] (Hanoi: Giáo Dục Publisher, 2002), online version.Google Scholar
Thi, Sảnh, Lịch sử phong trào công nhân mỏ Quảng Ninh [History of Quảng Ninh Mining Workers’ Movement, Vol. 1: 1883–1945] (Quảng Ninh: Quảng Ninh Department of Culture, 1974).Google Scholar
Thi, Sảnh, Lịch sử phong trào công nhân mỏ Quảng Ninh [History of the Quảng Ninh Mining Workers’ Movement, Vol. 2: September 1945 to April 1955] (Quảng Ninh: Quảng Ninh Department of Culture, 1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngô, Vӑn Hòa, “Về hai cuộc đấu tranh của công nhân mỏ than trước Đại chiến thế giới thứ nhất” [On the Two Struggles of Coal Miners before World War I], Tạp chí nghiên cứu Lịch Sử [Vietnamese Journal of Historical Research], no. 169 (1976): 69–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyễn, Thanh Sỹ. “Điều kiện làm việc cực nhọc và đời sống khốn cùng của công nhân vùng mỏ Hongay – Đông Triều trước Cách mạng tháng Tám” [The Harsh Working Conditions and Misery of Mine Workers in Hongay, Đông Triều before the August Revolution], Nghiên cứu lịch sử [Vietnamese Journal of Historical Research], no. 118 (1969): 20–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phan, Huy Lê, “Tình hình khai mỏ dưới triều Nguyễn” [Mining Exploitation under the Nguyễn Dynasty], Tạp Chí Nghiên cứu lịch sử [Historical Research Journal], no. 51 (1963).Google Scholar
Trần, Vӑn Giàu. Giai cấp công nhân Việt Nam [The Vietnamese Working Class], 3 vols. (Hanoi: Sử Học Publisher, 1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campagne, Armel. “Histoire des productions industrielles de charbon en Indochine (1873–1955)” (MA thesis, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 2016).Google Scholar
Jeoung, Jaehyun. “Exploitation minière et exploitation humaine: Les charbonnages dans le Vietnam colonial, 1874–1945” (PhD diss., Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018).Google Scholar
Auffret, Charles. Contribution à l’étude de l’alimentation en eau potable au Tonkin (Paris: Jouve & Cie, 1941).Google Scholar
Bavier-chauffour, Antoine. Un épisode de la colonisation du Tonkin (Haiphong: F.-H. Schneider, 1891).Google Scholar
Baumont, M. A. “Fixation des dunes, par boisement en Annam,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine no. 152 (January–February 1922): 1–27.Google Scholar
Bourgoin, , [forename unknown]. “Boisement de protection de la Route Coloniale 1,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine, A 41, fasc 3 (1938): 530–544.Google Scholar
Dupouy, Gaston. Études minéralogiques sur l’Indochine française (Paris: Emile Larose, 1913).Google Scholar
Ferry, Jules. Le Tonkin et la mère-patrie: Témoignages et documents (Paris: Victor-Harvard, 1890).Google Scholar
Fuchs, Edmond. Mémoire sur l’exploration des gîtes de combustibles et de quelques-uns des gîtes métallifères de l’Indo-Chine (Paris: Dunod Editeur, 1882).Google Scholar
Goudal, Jean. Problèmes de travail en Indochine (Geneva: Bureau international du travail, 1937).Google Scholar
Guibier, Henri. “Note sur les reboisements,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine, no. 163 (November–December 1923): 449–514.Google Scholar
Guillaumat, Pierre. “L’industrie minérale de l’Indochine en 1937,” Bulletin économique de l’Indochine A 41, fasc 6 (1938): 1245–1338.Google Scholar
Guillaumat, Pierre. L’industrie minérale de l’Indochine en 1937 (Hanoi: Imprimerie d’extrême orient, 1938).Google Scholar
Lataste, Albert. “Note sur l’approvisionnement des mines en bois de soutènement en Indochine,” in Proceedings of the Sixth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific Science Association 1939 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1940–1943), 547–553.Google Scholar
Lataste, Albert. “Sur les caractères essentiels de la main-d’oeuvre industrielle, et minière en particulier de l’Indochine,” in Proceedings of the Sixth Pacific Science Congress of the Pacific Science Association 1939 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1940–1943), 547–553.Google Scholar
Munier, Paul. “Visite au Pays noir: Les charbonnages de Dông Triều,” Indochine, hebdomadaire illustré, no. 59 (1941).Google Scholar
Raymond, and Bablet, [forenames unknown]. “Les eaux d’alimentation au Tonkin,” Bulletin de la société médico-chirurgicale de l’Indochine, no. 1 (1931): 5–27.Google Scholar
Rémaury, Henri. “Le Tonkin et ses ressources houillères, principalement dans la concession de l’île de Kebao,” in Memoires et Compte rendu des travaux de la Societe des ingénieurs civils (Paris: 10 cité Rougemont, 1890).Google Scholar
Robequain, Charles. L’évolution économique de l’Indochine française (Paris: Centre d’études de politique étrangère, 1939).Google Scholar
Sarran, Émile. “Le Tonkin au point de vue minier,” (Marseille: Imprimerie Moullot Fils Aîné, 1893).Google Scholar
Antony, Robert J. “Violence and Predation on the Sino-Vietnamese Maritime Frontier, 1450–1850,” Asia Major 27, no. 2 (2014): 87–114.Google Scholar
Bennett, Brett. “The El Dorado of Forestry: The Eucalyptus in India, South Africa, and Thailand, 1850–2000,” International Review of Social History 55, no. S18 (2010): 27–50.Google Scholar
Biggs, David. “Clearing, ‘Wasting,’ and Regreening: An Environmental History of Bare Hills in Central Vietnam,” Journal of Asian Studies 77, no. 4 (2018): 1037–1058.Google Scholar
Biggs, David. “Managing a Rebel Landscape: Conservation, Pioneers, and the Revolutionary Past in the U Minh Forest, Vietnam,” Environmental History 10, no. 3 (2005): 448–476.Google Scholar
Biggs, David. Quagmire: Nation-Building and Nature in the Mekong Delta (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2010).Google Scholar
Brocheux, Pierre and Hémery, Daniel. Indochine: La colonisation ambiguë, 1858–1914 (Paris: La Découverte, 2001).Google Scholar
Campagne, Armel. “French Energy Imperialism in Vietnam and the Conquest of Tonkin (1873–1885),” Journal of Energy History/Revue d’Histoire de l’Énergie 3, no. 2 (2019): 1–18.Google Scholar
Chakrabarti, Pratik. Western Science in Modern India: Metropolitan Methods, Colonial Practices (New Delhi: Permanent Black, 2004).Google Scholar
Charles, Robequain. The Economic Development of French Indochina (London: Oxford University Press, 1944).Google Scholar
Cleary, Mark. “Managing the Forest in Colonial Indochina c. 1900–1940,” Modern Asian Studies 39, no. 2 (2005): 257–283.Google Scholar
Davis, Bradley C. Imperial Bandits: Outlaws and Rebels in the China-Vietnam Borderlands (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Davis, Diana K. “Potential Forests: Degradation Narratives, Science, and Environmental Policy in Protectorate Morocco, 1912–1956,” Environmental History 10, no. 2 (2005): 211–238.Google Scholar
Davis, Diana K. Resurrecting the Granary of Rome: Environmental History and French Colonial Expansion in North Africa (Athens: Ohio University Press, 2007).Google Scholar
Davis, Diana K. and Robbins, Paul. “Ecologies of the Colonial Present: Pathological Forestry from the Taux de Boisement to Civilized Plantations,” Environment and Planning E: Nature and Space 1, no. 4 (2018): 447–469.Google Scholar
Descours-Gatin, Chantal. Quand l’opium finançait la colonisation en Indochine (Paris: Editions L’Harmattan, 1992).Google Scholar
Firpo, Christina. Black Market Business: Selling Sex in Northern Vietnam, 1920–1945 (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 2020).Google Scholar
Ford, Caroline. “Reforestation, Landscape Conservation, and the Anxieties of Empire in French Colonial Algeria,” The American Historical Review 113, no. 2 (2008): 341–362.Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. “Écologie et gestion forestière dans l’Indochine française,” Revue française d’histoire d’outre-mer 85, no. 319 (1998): 59–86.Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. “Forêts de Cochinchine et ‘bois coloniaux’, 1862–1900,” Autrepart 15 (2000): 49–72.Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. Histoire du régime et des services forestiers française en Indochine de 1862 à 1945 (Hanoi: Thế Giới Publishers, 1999).Google Scholar
Frédéric, Thomas. “Protection des forêts et environnementalisme colonial: Indochine, 1860–1945,” Revue d’histoire moderne et contemporaine 56, no. 4 (2009): 104–136.Google Scholar
Gray, Steven. Steam Power and Sea Power: Coal, the Royal Navy and the British Empire, c.1870–1914 (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2017).Google Scholar
Grémont, Johann. Maintenir l’ordre aux confins de l’Empire: Pirates, trafiquants et rebelles entre Chine et Viêt Nam 1895–1940 (Paris: Maisonneuve & Larose, 2018).Google Scholar
Grove, Richard. Green Imperialism: Colonial Expansion, Tropical Island Edens, and the Origin of Environmentalism (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Kaur, Amarjit. “Hewers and Haulers: A History of Coal Miners and Coal Mining in Malaya,” Modern Asian Studies 24, no. 1 (1990): 75–113.Google Scholar
Laboulais, Isabelle. “Serving Science and the State: Mining Science in France, 1794–1810,” Minerva 46, no. 1 (2008): 17–36.Google Scholar
Lehning, James R. “Categories of Conquest and Colonial Control: The French in Tonkin, 1884–1914,” in Violence, Colonialism and Empire in the Modern World, ed. Dwyer, Philip and Nettelbeck, Amanda (London: Palgrave Macmillan: 2018), 73–90.Google Scholar
McElwee, Pamela D. Forests Are Gold: Trees, People, and Environmental Rule in Vietnam (Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2016).Google Scholar
Michitake, Aso. Rubber and the Making of Vietnam: An Ecological History, 1897–1975 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Miller, E. Willard. “Mineral Resources of Indo-China,” Economic Geography 22, no. 4 (1946): 268–279.Google Scholar
Murray, Martin J. The Development of Capitalism in Colonial Indochina, 1870–1940 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1980).Google Scholar
Pomeranz, Kenneth. The Great Divergence: China, Europe, and the Making of the Modern World Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Reid, Anthony. “Chinese on the Mining Frontier in Southeast Asia,” in Chinese Circulations: Capital, Commodities, and Networks in Southeast Asia, ed. Tagliacozzo, Eric and Chang, Wen-chin (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2011), 21–36.Google Scholar
Sasges, Gerard. Imperial Intoxication: Alcohol and the Making of Colonial Indochina (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 2017).Google Scholar
Seow, Victor. Carbon Technocracy: Energy Regimes in Modern East Asia (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2021).Google Scholar
Tagliacozzo, Eric. Secret Trades, Porous Borders: Smuggling and States along Southeast Asian Frontier, 1865–1915 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2005).Google Scholar
Tana, Li. “A View from the Sea: Perspectives on the Northern and Central Vietnamese Coast,” Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 37, no. 1 (2006): 83–102.Google Scholar
Vann, Michael and Liz, Clarke. The Great Hanoi Rat Hunt: Empire, Disease, and Modernity in French Colonial Vietnam (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2018).Google Scholar
Vũ, Đường Luân. “The Politics of Frontier Mining: Local Chieftains, Chinese Miners, and Upland Society in the Nông Vӑn Vân Uprising in the Sino-Vietnamese Border Area, 1833–1835,” Cross-Currents: East Asian History and Culture 3, no. 2 (2014): 349–378.Google Scholar
Vũ, Đường Luân and Cooke, Nola, “Chinese Merchants and Mariners in Nineteenth-Century Tongking,” in The Tongking Gulf through History, ed. Cooke, Nola, Tana, Li, and Anderson, James (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011), 143–160.Google Scholar
Wright, Tim. Coal Mining in China’s Economy and Society 1895–1937 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Wu, Shellen Xiao. Empires of Coal: Fueling China’s Entry into the Modern World Order 1860–1920 (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2015).Google Scholar
Zinoman, Peter. The Colonial Bastille: A History of Imprisonment in Vietnam, 1862–1940 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Cao, Vӑn Biền, Giai cấp công nhân Việt Nam, thời kỳ 1936–1939 [Vietnamese Working Class, 1936–1939] (Hanoi: Khoa học xã hội Publisher, 1979).Google Scholar
Đại Nam Thực Lục [Veritable Records of Đại Nam] (Hanoi: Giáo Dục Publisher, 2002), online version.Google Scholar
Thi, Sảnh, Lịch sử phong trào công nhân mỏ Quảng Ninh [History of Quảng Ninh Mining Workers’ Movement, Vol. 1: 1883–1945] (Quảng Ninh: Quảng Ninh Department of Culture, 1974).Google Scholar
Thi, Sảnh, Lịch sử phong trào công nhân mỏ Quảng Ninh [History of the Quảng Ninh Mining Workers’ Movement, Vol. 2: September 1945 to April 1955] (Quảng Ninh: Quảng Ninh Department of Culture, 1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ngô, Vӑn Hòa, “Về hai cuộc đấu tranh của công nhân mỏ than trước Đại chiến thế giới thứ nhất” [On the Two Struggles of Coal Miners before World War I], Tạp chí nghiên cứu Lịch Sử [Vietnamese Journal of Historical Research], no. 169 (1976): 69–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nguyễn, Thanh Sỹ. “Điều kiện làm việc cực nhọc và đời sống khốn cùng của công nhân vùng mỏ Hongay – Đông Triều trước Cách mạng tháng Tám” [The Harsh Working Conditions and Misery of Mine Workers in Hongay, Đông Triều before the August Revolution], Nghiên cứu lịch sử [Vietnamese Journal of Historical Research], no. 118 (1969): 20–35.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phan, Huy Lê, “Tình hình khai mỏ dưới triều Nguyễn” [Mining Exploitation under the Nguyễn Dynasty], Tạp Chí Nghiên cứu lịch sử [Historical Research Journal], no. 51 (1963).Google Scholar
Trần, Vӑn Giàu. Giai cấp công nhân Việt Nam [The Vietnamese Working Class], 3 vols. (Hanoi: Sử Học Publisher, 1962).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campagne, Armel. “Histoire des productions industrielles de charbon en Indochine (1873–1955)” (MA thesis, École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales, 2016).Google Scholar
Jeoung, Jaehyun. “Exploitation minière et exploitation humaine: Les charbonnages dans le Vietnam colonial, 1874–1945” (PhD diss., Université Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018).Google Scholar
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