With the 1912 elections, 18 years of Republican control of the Senate came to an abrupt end. In Chapter 6, we examine the institutional inventions of the 63rd Congress (1913–15), when, in a newly competitive world, the Democratic floor leader—John W. Kern (D, Ind.), a progressive senator closely allied with the newly elected president Woodrow Wilson—became the first person widely regarded as an elected majority leader of the Senate, with responsibility for devising and implementing party strategy. The Republicans, now in the minority, created their own position of elected floor leader in 1913, following the generation-old Democratic model, and both parties invented the position of whip. Other developments, such as the emergence of the modern use of unanimous consent agreements, the creation of party floor staff, and, for the Democrats, entrusting committee assignments to their leadership, were accomplished in the 1910s and 1920s.