There are a plethora of unresolved issues and realities raised surrounding the activism of Robert and Mabel Williams, and their interactions with Castroism, Maoism, and Robert's relationship with Richard Gibson (a CIA informant) who stayed in contact with him in exile in Cuba, China and after his return to the United States from 1971 to 1976. My analysis of Robert Williams not only foregrounds the importance of a multifaceted representation of him but also focuses on dual themes of racial oppression and the victimization of black men and women within the overarching structure of American white patriarchy. Robert Williams’ defiance with Mabel's support against racism, advocacy for armed self-defense, moral character and conviction, and pragmatic decisions during the Cold War/Civil Rights era were executed strategically and with accountability. Williams offered a progressive vision that influenced emerging as well as future generations of activists who would insist on changes and reforms in American society and worldwide. Williams stood out as a centrally important yet often misunderstood and complex figure in twentieth- and twenty-first-century American history. Williams writings and voice were unsettling and offered disturbing criticisms about the inactions of the American government and the broader racist white voting population which continues to resonate today. The observations he made domestically and abroad about white America demonstrate a consistent pattern of resistance to and against white supremacy, racial injustice, and discrimination. This stance not only spurned a backlash among white American leaders but also caused a resurgent “new civil rights movement” with grievances among middle and working-class Black and white Americans against racism. Relevant today are Black Lives Matter movement activists dominating the scene and making visible the extent of white supremacy in America, particularly the complicity of white Americans and those ethnic groups (peoples of color) that are benefiting from the oppressive forces of racism and the denial of rights guaranteed to African Americans. Williams becomes important today since armed militias are patrolling U.S. southern borders and claiming fourteenth amendment rights since the government is not providing protection and security for its citizens. They are claiming the right to protect themselves when their justifications are unwarranted.