Lewis, SS, Moehring, RW, Chen, LF, Sexton, DJ, Anderson, DJ. Assessing the relative burden of hospital-acquired infections in a network of community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2013;34: 1229–1230.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burke, JP. Infection control: a problem for patient safety. N Engl J Med 2003;348: 651–656.10.1056/NEJMhpr020557CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zimlichman, E, Henderson, D, Tamir, O, et al. Health care-associated infections: a meta-analysis of costs and financial impact on the US health care system. JAMA Intern Med 2013;173: 2039–2046.10.1001/jamainternmed.2013.9763CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Martone, WJ, Nichols, RL. Recognition, prevention, surveillance, and management of surgical site infections: introduction to the problem and symposium overview. Clin Infect Dis 2001;33 Suppl 2:S67–S68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Scott, RD II. The Direct Medical Costs of Healthcare-Associated Infections in U.S. Hospitals and the Benefits of Prevention. In: Economist Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion National Center for Preparedness D, and Control of Infectious Diseases; Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, ed. 2009: 13.Google Scholar

Engemann, JJ, Carmeli, Y, Cosgrove, SE, et al. Adverse clinical and economic outcomes attributable to methicillin resistance among patients with Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection. Clin Infect Dis 2003;36: 592–598.10.1086/367653CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kirkland, KB, Briggs, JP, Trivette, SL, Wilkinson, WE, Sexton, DJ. The impact of surgical-site infections in the 1990s: attributable mortality, excess length of hospitalization, and extra costs. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1999;20: 725–730.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

McGarry, SA, Engemann, JJ, Schmader, K, Sexton, DJ, Kaye, KS. Surgical-site infection due to Staphylococcus aureus among elderly patients: Mortality, duration of hospitalization, and cost. Infect Cont Hosp Ep 2004;25: 461–467.10.1086/502422CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Haley, RW, Culver, DH, White, JW, et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121: 182–205.10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113990CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cruse, PJ, Foord, R. The epidemiology of wound infection: a 10-year prospective study of 62,939 wounds. Surg Clin North Am 1980;60: 27–40.10.1016/S0039-6109(16)42031-1CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Olson, MM, Lee, JT Jr. Continuous, 10-year wound infection surveillance: results, advantages, and unanswered questions. Arch Surg 1990;125: 794–803.10.1001/archsurg.1990.01410180120020CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Horan, TC, Gaynes, RP, Martone, WJ, Jarvis, WR, Emori, TG. CDC definitions of nosocomial surgical site infections, 1992: a modification of CDC definitions of surgical wound infections. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13: 606–608.10.1086/646436CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ehrenkranz, NJ, Richter, EI, Phillips, PM, Shultz, JM. An apparent excess of operative site infections: analyses to evaluate false-positive diagnoses. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1995;16: 712–716.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ehrenkranz, NJ, Richter, EI, Phillips, PM, Shultz, JM. An apparent excess of operative site infections: analyses to evaluate false-positive diagnoses. Infect Control Hops Epidemiol 1995;16: 712–6.Google ScholarPubMed

Lee, JT. Wound infection surveillance. Infect Dis Clin North Am 1992;6: 643–656.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Haley, RW, Schaberg, DR, McClish, DK, et al. The accuracy of retrospective chart review in measuring nosocomial infection rates: results of validation studies in pilot hospitals. Am J Epidemiol 1980;111: 516–533.10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112931CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Cardo, DM, Falk, PS, Mayhall, CG. Validation of surgical wound surveillance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14: 211–215.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Berard, F, Gandon, J. Postoperative wound infections: the influence of ultraviolet irradiation of the operating room and of various other factors. Ann Surg 1964;160(Suppl 2): 192.Google ScholarPubMed

Haley, RW. Surveillance by objective: a new priority-directed approach to the control of nosocomial infections: The National Foundation for Infectious Diseases lecture. Am J Infect Control 1985;13: 78–89.10.1016/0196-6553(85)90085-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Sands, K, Vineyard, G, Platt, R. Surgical site infections occurring after hospital discharge. J Infect Dis 1996;173: 963–970.10.1093/infdis/173.4.963CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Anderson, DJ, Arduino, JM, Reed, SD, et al. Variation in the type and frequency of postoperative invasive Staphylococcus aureus infections according to type of surgical procedure. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2010;31: 701–709.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ferraz, EM, Bacelar, TS, Aguiar, JL, Ferraz, AA, Pagnossin, G, Batista, JE. Wound infection rates in clean surgery: a potentially misleading risk classification. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1992;13: 457–462.10.1086/646573CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Haley, RW, Culver, DH, Morgan, WM, White, JW, Emori, TG, Hooton, TM. Identifying patients at high-risk of surgical wound-infection: a simple multivariate index of patient susceptibility and wound contamination. Am J Epidemiol 1985;121: 206–215.10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113991CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Culver, DH, Horan, TC, Gaynes, RP, et al. Surgical wound infection rates by wound class, operative procedure, and patient risk index: National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System. Am J Med 1991;91: 152S–157S.10.1016/0002-9343(91)90361-ZCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Roy, MC, Herwaldt, LA, Embrey, R, Kuhns, K, Wenzel, RP, Perl, TM. Does the Centers for Disease Control’s NNIS System risk index stratify patients undergoing cardiothoracic operations by their risk of surgical-site infection? Infect Cont Hosp Ep 2000;21: 186–190.10.1086/501741CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Nichols, RL, Smith, JW, Robertson, GD, et al. Prospective alterations in therapy for penetrating abdominal trauma. Arch Surg 1993;128: 55–63; discussion -4.10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420130059010CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wenzel, RP, Osterman, CA, Hunting, KJ, Gwaltney, JM Jr. Hospital-acquired infections: I. Surveillance in a university hospital. Am J Epidemiol 1976;103: 251–260.10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112223CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Yokoe, DS, Noskin, GA, Cunningham, SM, et al. Enhanced identification of postoperative infections among inpatients. Emerg Infect Dis 2004;10: 1924–1230.10.3201/eid1011.040572CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Platt, R, Yokoe, DS, Sands, KE. Automated methods for surveillance of surgical site infections. Emerg Infect Dis 2001;7: 212–216.10.3201/eid0702.010212CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Perl, TM. Surveillance, Reporting and the Use of Computers. 2nd ed. Williams & Wilkins; 1993.Google Scholar

Huang, SS, Placzek, H, Livingston, J, et al. Use of Medicare claims to rank hospitals by surgical site infection risk following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Infect Cont Hosp Ep 2011;32: 775–783.10.1086/660874CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Calderwood, MS, Kleinman, K, Bratzler, DW, et al. Use of Medicare claims to identify us hospitals with a high rate of surgical site infection after hip arthroplasty. Infect Cont Hosp Ep 2013;34: 31–39.10.1086/668785CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Manian, FA, Meyer, L. Comprehensive surveillance of surgical wound infections in outpatient and inpatient surgery. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1990;11: 515–520.10.1086/646084CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Avato, JL, Lai, KK. Impact of postdischarge surveillance on surgical-site infection rates for coronary artery bypass procedures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002;23: 364–367.10.1086/502076CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Delgado-Rodriguez, M, Gomez-Ortega, A, Sillero-Arenas, M, Llorca, J. Epidemiology of surgical-site infections diagnosed after hospital discharge: a prospective cohort study. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22: 24–30.10.1086/501820CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Ming, DY, Chen, LF, Miller, BA, Anderson, DJ. The impact of depth of infection and postdischarge surveillance on rate of surgical-site infections in a network of community hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2012;33: 276–282.10.1086/664053CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Perencevich, EN, Sands, KE, Cosgrove, SE, Guadagnoli, E, Meara, E, Platt, R. Health and economic impact of surgical site infections diagnosed after hospital discharge. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9: 196–203.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Noy, D, Creedy, D. Postdischarge surveillance of surgical site infections: a multi-method approach to data collection. Am J Infect Control 2002;30: 417–424.10.1067/mic.2002.123393CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kent, P, McDonald, M, Harris, O, Mason, T, Spelman, D. Post-discharge surgical wound infection surveillance in a provincial hospital: follow-up rates, validity of data and review of the literature. ANZ J Surg 2001;71: 583–589.10.1046/j.1445-2197.2001.02215.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar

Burns, SJ, Dippe, SE. Postoperative wound infections detected during hospitalization and after discharge in a community hospital. Am J Infect Control 1982;10: 60–65.10.1016/0196-6553(82)90004-9CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Seaman, M, Lammers, R. Inability of patients to self-diagnose wound infections. J Emerg Med 1991;9: 215–219.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Anderson, DJ, Kaye, KS, Classen, D, et al. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29 Suppl 1:S51–S61.10.1086/591064CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sands, K, Vineyard, G, Livingston, J, Christiansen, C, Platt, R. Efficient identification of postdischarge surgical site infections: use of automated pharmacy dispensing information, administrative data, and medical record information. J Infect Dis 1999;179: 434–441.10.1086/314586CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Chalfine, A, Cauet, D, Lin, WC, et al. Highly sensitive and efficient computer-assisted system for routine surveillance for surgical site infection. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2006;27: 794–801.10.1086/506393CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Platt, R, Kleinman, K, Thompson, K, et al. Using automated health plan data to assess infection risk from coronary artery bypass surgery. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8: 1433–1441.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hirschhorn, LR, Currier, JS, Platt, R. Electronic surveillance of antibiotic exposure and coded discharge diagnoses as indicators of postoperative infection and other quality assurance measures. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 1993;14: 21–28.10.1086/646626CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bouam, S, Girou, E, Brun-Buisson, C, Karadimas, H, Lepage, E. An intranet-based automated system for the surveillance of nosocomial infections: prospective validation compared with physicians’ self-reports. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24: 51–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Burke, JP. Surveillance, reporting, automation, and interventional epidemiology. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24: 10–12.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mayhall, CG. Surgical Infections Including Burns. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins; 1993.Google Scholar

DS K, AB K. Postoperative Infections and Antimicrobial Prophylaxis. 4th ed. New York, NY: Chirchill Livingstone; 1995.Google Scholar

Nagachinta, T, Stephens, M, Reitz, B, Polk, BF. Risk factors for surgical-wound infection following cardiac surgery. J Infect Dis 1987;156: 967–973.10.1093/infdis/156.6.967CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Weintraub, WS, Jones, EL, Craver, J, Guyton, R, Cohen, C. Determinants of prolonged length of hospital stay after coronary bypass surgery. Circulation 1989;80: 276–284.10.1161/01.CIR.80.2.276CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Taylor, GJ, Mikell, FL, Moses, HW, et al. Determinants of hospital charges for coronary artery bypass surgery: the economic consequences of postoperative complications. Am J Cardiol 1990;65: 309–313.10.1016/0002-9149(90)90293-ACrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Mangram, AJ, Horan, TC, Pearson, ML, Silver, LC, Jarvis, WR. Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection, 1999. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Hospital Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee. Am J Infect Control 1999;27: 97–132; quiz 3–4; discussion 96.10.1016/S0196-6553(99)70088-XCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bratzler, DW, Hunt, DR. The surgical infection prevention and surgical care improvement projects: national initiatives to improve outcomes for patients having surgery. Clin Infect Dis 2006;43: 322–330.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bratzler, DW, Houck, PM, Richards, C, et al. Use of antimicrobial prophylaxis for major surgery: baseline results from The National Surgical Infection Prevention Project. Arch Surg-Chicago 2005;140: 174–182.10.1001/archsurg.140.2.174CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dellinger, EP, Hausmann, SM, Bratzler, DW, et al. Hospitals collaborate to decrease surgical site infections. Am J Surg 2005;190: 9–15.10.1016/j.amjsurg.2004.12.001CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Haynes, AB, Weiser, TG, Berry, WR, et al. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med 2009;360: 491–499.10.1056/NEJMsa0810119CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Weiser, TG, Haynes, AB, Dziekan, G, et al. Effect of a 19-item surgical safety checklist during urgent operations in a global patient population. Ann Surg 2010;251: 976–980.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

van Klei, WA, Hoff, RG, van Aarnhem, EEHL, et al. Effects of the introduction of the WHO “Surgical Safety Checklist” on in-hospital mortality: a cohort study. Ann Surg 2012;255: 44–49.10.1097/SLA.0b013e31823779aeCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Institute for Healthcare Improvement. 2009. Available at: www.ihi.org. Accessed April 22, 2009.Google Scholar

Yokoe, DS, Mermel, LA, Anderson, DJ, et al. A compendium of strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2008;29 Suppl 1:S12–S21.10.1086/591060CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Yokoe, DS, Classen, D. Improving patient safety through infection control: a new healthcare imperative. Infect Cont Hosp Ep 2008;29:S3–S11.10.1086/591063CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Anderson, DJ, Podgorny, K, Berrios-Torres, SI, et al. Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35: 605–627.10.1086/676022CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schweizer, ML, Chiang, HY, Septimus, E, et al. Association of a bundled intervention with surgical site infections among patients undergoing cardiac, hip, or knee surgery. JAMA 2015;313: 2162–2171.10.1001/jama.2015.5387CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Perl, TM, Golub, JE. New approaches to reduce Staphylococcus aureus nosocomial infection rates: treating S. aureus nasal carriage. Ann Pharmacother 1998;32:S7–S16.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Wenzel, RP, Perl, TM. The significance of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus and the incidence of postoperative wound infection. J Hosp Infect 1995;31: 13–24.10.1016/0195-6701(95)90079-9CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kluytmans, J, van Belkum, A, Verbrugh, H. Nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus: epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and associated risks. Clin Microbiol Rev 1997;10: 505–520.10.1128/CMR.10.3.505CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Perl, TM, Cullen, JJ, Wenzel, RP, et al. Intranasal mupirocin to prevent postoperative Staphylococcus aureus infections. N Engl J Med 2002;346: 1871–1877.10.1056/NEJMoa003069CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bode, LG, Kluytmans, JA, Wertheim, HF, et al. Preventing surgical-site infections in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus. N Engl J Med 2010;362: 9–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Schweizer, M, Perencevich, E, McDanel, J, et al. Effectiveness of a bundled intervention of decolonization and prophylaxis to decrease Gram positive surgical site infections after cardiac or orthopedic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013;346: f2743.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

van Rijen, M, Bonten, M, Wenzel, R, Kluytmans, J. Mupirocin ointment for preventing Staphylococcus aureus infections in nasal carriers. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2008: CD006216.Google ScholarPubMed

Surgical Attire. Association of periOperative Registered Nurses. Available at www.aorn.org/guidelines/clinical-resources/clinical-faqs/attire. Accessed March 28, 2016.Google Scholar

Bratzler, DW, Dellinger, EP, Olsen, KM, et al. Clinical Practice Guidelines for Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Surgery. Surg Infect 2013;14: 73–156.10.1089/sur.2013.9999CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Zanetti, G, Flanagan, HL Jr., Cohn, LH, Giardina, R, Platt, R. Improvement of intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in prolonged cardiac surgery by automated alerts in the operating room. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24: 13–16.10.1086/502109CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Webb, ALB, Flagg, RL, Fink, AS. Reducing surgical site infections through a multidisciplinary computerized process for preoperative prophylactic antibiotic administration. Am. J. Surg. 2006;192: 663–668.10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.08.014CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kanter, G, Connelly, NR, Fitzgerald, J. A system and process redesign to improve perioperative antibiotic administration. Anesth Analg 2006;103: 1517–1521.10.1213/01.ane.0000221442.30952.83CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Steinberg, JP, Braun, BI, Hellinger, WC, et al. Timing of antimicrobial prophylaxis and the risk of surgical site infections: results from the Trial to Reduce Antimicrobial Prophylaxis Errors. Ann Surg 2009;250: 10–16.10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181ad5fcaCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

van Kasteren, MEE, Mannien, J, Ott, A, Kullberg, BJ, de Boer, AS, Gyssens, IC. Antibiotic prophylaxis and the risk of surgical site infections following total hip arthroplasty: timely administration is the most important factor. Clin Infect Dis 2007;44: 921–927.10.1086/512192CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Soriano, A, Marco, F, Martinez, JA, et al. Influence of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration on the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Clin Infect Dis 2008;46: 193–200.10.1086/524667CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Akinyoola, AL, Adegbehingbe, OO, Odunsi, A. Timing of antibiotic prophylaxis in tourniquet surgery. J Foot Ankle Surg 2011;50: 374–376.10.1053/j.jfas.2011.04.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Andersson, AE, Bergh, I, Karlsson, J, Eriksson, BI, Nilsson, K. Traffic flow in the operating room: an explorative and descriptive study on air quality during orthopedic trauma implant surgery. Am J Infect Control 2012;40: 750–755.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Pada, S, Perl, TM. Operating room myths: what is the evidence for common practices. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2015;28: 369–374.10.1097/QCO.0000000000000177CrossRefGoogle Scholar

van der Slegt, J, van der Laan, L, Veen, EJ, Hendriks, Y, Romme, J, Kluytmans, J. Implementation of a bundle of care to reduce surgical site infections in patients undergoing vascular surgery. PLoS One 2013;8: e71566.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Darouiche, RO, Wall, MJ Jr., Itani, KM, et al. Chlorhexidine-alcohol versus povidone-iodine for surgical-site antisepsis. N Engl J Med 2010;362: 18–26.10.1056/NEJMoa0810988CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Swenson, BR, Hedrick, TL, Metzger, R, Bonatti, H, Pruett, TL, Sawyer, RG. Effects of preoperative skin preparation on postoperative wound infection rates: a prospective study of 3 skin preparation protocols. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2009;30: 964–971.10.1086/605926CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, Lenhardt, R. Perioperative normothermia to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection and shorten hospitalization: study of wound infection and temperature group. N Engl J Med 1996;334: 1209–1215.10.1056/NEJM199605093341901CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Sessler, DI, Akca, O. Nonpharmacological prevention of surgical wound infections. Clin Infect Dis 2002;35: 1397–1404.10.1086/344275CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Melling, AC, Ali, B, Scott, EM, Leaper, DJ. Effects of preoperative warming on the incidence of wound infection after clean surgery: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2001;358: 876–880.10.1016/S0140-6736(01)06071-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Latham, R, Lancaster, AD, Covington, JF, Pirolo, JS, Thomas, CS. The association of diabetes and glucose control with surgical-site infections among cardiothoracic surgery patients. Infect Cont Hosp Ep 2001;22: 607–612.10.1086/501830CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Dellinger, EP. Preventing surgical-site infections: the importance of timing and glucose control. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001;22: 604–606.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

van den Berghe, G, Wouters, P, Weekers, F, et al. Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med 2001;345: 1359–1367.10.1056/NEJMoa011300CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Kwon, S, Thompson, R, Dellinger, P, Yanez, D, Farrohki, E, Flum, D. Importance of perioperative glycemic control in general surgery: a report from the Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program. Ann Surg 2013;257: 8–14.10.1097/SLA.0b013e31827b6bbcCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Umpierrez, GE, Smiley, D, Jacobs, S, et al. Randomized study of basal-bolus insulin therapy in the inpatient management of patients with type 2 diabetes undergoing general surgery (RABBIT 2 surgery). Diabetes Care 2011;34: 256–261.10.2337/dc10-1407CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Hopf, HW, Hunt, TK, West, JM, et al. Wound tissue oxygen tension predicts the risk of wound infection in surgical patients. Arch Surg 1997;132: 997–1004; discussion 5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Greif, R, Akca, O, Horn, EP, Kurz, A, Sessler, DI, Grp, OR. Supplemental perioperative oxygen to reduce the incidence of surgical-wound infection. N Engl J Med 2000;342: 161–167.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Bickel, A, Gurevits, M, Vamos, R, Ivry, S, Eitan, A. Perioperative hyperoxygenation and wound site infection following surgery for acute appendicitis: a randomized, prospective, controlled trial. Arch Surg 2011;146: 464–470.10.1001/archsurg.2011.65CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Rohde, JM, Dimcheff, DE, Blumberg, N, et al. Health care–associated infection after red blood cell transfusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA 2014;311: 1317–1326.10.1001/jama.2014.2726CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed