This chapter focuses on the relationship between the story of Noah and the New Science. It begins with the contemporary discussions about the date of the flood and the calculations about the numbers of people from the time of the flood to the present. It continues with the late seventeenth-century debate about the universality of the flood. The issue of the date of the flood leads also to the problem of fossils and their relation to the flood of Noah, with particular attention to John Woodward’s An Essay Towards a Natural History of the Earth. The chapter concludes with a discussion of how the shifting time scales on the age of the earth during the eighteenth century cast doubt upon the role in the formation of the earth that had traditionally been ascribed to the flood, along with attempts to harmonise the Biblical story with the new age of the earth.