The chapter develops a genealogy of the notion of moral autopsy that has become the major mode of knowing, judging, and relating to the socialist past in post-Cold War Eastern Europe and beyond, particularly in the context of transitional justice. The chapter traces moral autopsy’s historical and conceptual sources within the post-Cold War context, marked by the proclamations of the “end of history,” celebrations of the rule of law and human rights, conservative historical revisionism and criminalization of communism, the “moral turn,” competitive memory politics based on national victimhood, and neoliberal globalization. Through a detailed analysis of the Polish Institute of National Remembrance and the posthumous media lustration of the Polish journalist Ryszard Kapuscinski, especially the questions of secrecy, truth, and treachery raised about him, the chapter shows how moral autopsy constructs a transhistorical, judicialized, and criminalized account of communism that ultimately impoverishes the understanding of social-historical relations of power, informational practices, ideology, and political subjectivity concerning state socialism and Cold War socialist internationalism.