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Chapter 40 - Systemic Disease and the Liver in Children

from Section V - Other Considerations and Issues in Pediatric Hepatology

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 January 2021

By
Kathleen M. Campbell
Edited by
Frederick J. Suchy ,
Ronald J. Sokol  and
William F. Balistreri
Edited in association with
Jorge A. Bezerra ,
Cara L. Mack  and
Benjamin L. Shneider
Frederick J. Suchy
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora
Ronald J. Sokol
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora
William F. Balistreri
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
Jorge A. Bezerra
Affiliation:
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati
Cara L. Mack
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora
Benjamin L. Shneider
Affiliation:
Texas Children’s Hospital, Houston
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Summary

The liver is the largest parenchymal organ in the body and has a complicated circulatory system, with dual afferent blood supply from the portal vein and hepatic artery. Although the liver mass accounts for only 2.5% of adult body weight, it receives nearly 25% of the resting cardiac output and at any given time contains 10–15% of total body blood volume. In addition to serving as an important blood volume reservoir, the liver is also a complex metabolic organ with important functions in biosynthesis, innate immunity, metabolism and toxin/metabolite clearance. By virtue of its size, multiple metabolic functions, and prominent position in the circulatory system, the liver is frequently involved, either as an accomplice or as an innocent bystander, in a range of systemic, circulatory and inflammatory disorders. This chapter reviews hepatic involvement in common, and some uncommon, systemic diseases affecting children and young adults.

Type
Chapter
Information
Liver Disease in Children , pp. 730 - 748
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

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