Chapter 5 builds on the cognitivist account of literature and art introduced in Chapter 4 to provide a fresh approach to some persistent questions in literary theory, literary linguistics and the philosophy of art. It eliminates a number of long-standing taxonomic confusions and sheds light on enduring puzzles such as the problem of ‘indiscernible objects’: what is it that distinguishes a stretch of ordinary discourse and the same stretch of discourse when quoted verbatim in a poetry book as ‘found text’; mere urinals and Duchamp’s Fountain; a genuine artwork and a perceptually indiscernible perfect forgery? Are the moai, the monolithic human figures carved by the Rapa Nui people on Easter Island in eastern Polynesia, artworks? And if a ready-made artwork is accidentally broken, can it just be replaced by another token of the same type, or is the ‘original’ artwork inadvertently lost? The discussion opens entirely new ways of thinking that might help to escape centuries of dead-ends and circularities, while at the same time giving rise to new types of interdisciplinary programmes on the interface of literary and art studies, linguistics and the cognitive sciences.