Index
Locators in bold indicate information in tables, and those in italics indicate information in figures.
Abuse of the Pardon Prevention Act (proposed), 221
accountability
domestic prosecutions for war crimes, 224
global criminal prosecutions for war crimes, 226
nation-states, 244
normalization of an anti-IHL agenda, impact of, 245
unrestrained legal authority, 85
AI-enabled warfare, 246
algorithms
AI-enabled warfare, 246
America First agenda, 247
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 68
American Enterprise Institute (AEI), 211
American Service-Members’ Protection Act (2002), 221
Amnesty International, 246
Anti-Defamation League’s Center on Extremism, 146
Antifa, 159
Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty (1997), 23
Applebaum, Anne, 243
Army Times, 139
Australia
noncombatant casualties, 258
Babbitt, Ashli, 157
Baker, Peter, 44
Bembenek, Christina, 163
Benedict, Helen, 136
Best, Mat, 135
Biden, Joe and the Biden Administration, 55, 163
Biden–Netanyahu relationship, 232
Biden–Putin relationship, 216
criminal charges within the military, 205
military votes, 131
Trump’s derogatory language about, 95
Biggs, Joseph, 163
Bilah, Jededia, 41
Billingslea, Marshall, 68
birthright citizenship, 254
Black Lives Matter, 83
Blackwater Memorial Alumni Association, 191
Boot, Max, 164
Bradley, Curtis, 26
Bream, Shannon, 41
Breitbart, 171
Brereton Report (Australia 2020), 258
Brock, Larry, 156
Brown, Charles Q. (C.Q.), 250
Burkina Faso, 14
Butler, Jeremey, 162
Cabinet resistance
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
Cain, Will, 193
Caine, Dan (Razin), 250
Caldwell, Thomas Edward, 161
Canada
Trump’s annexation proposals, 254
Carlson, Tucker, 158
Carter, Jimmy, 229
Cawthorn, Madison, 158
“central casting” narrative,
Certo, Peter, 90
Cheney, Liz, 160
Chernyshov, Boris, 239
Civilian Harm Mitigation and Response Action Plan, 205
Civilian Protection Center of Excellence (CPCoE), 205
Cobb, Ty, 254
Cohen, Andrew, 80
Combat Clemency Project (CCP),
command responsibility principle, , 226
commitment to IHL, 10, 14, 22, 25, 32. See also disregard for IHL; opportunity to upend commitments to IHL
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty 1996
Putin, 241
Concha, Joe, 197
Congressional Justice for Warriors Caucus (CJWC)
impunity agenda, ,
media presence, 173
pardons for war crime convictions
defending war crime clemencies,
lobbying,
reinforcement of the impunity agenda from within,
storming of the U.S. Capitol, 159
congressional oversight, 177
conservative intellectual circles
impunity agenda, influence over,
consolidation of power and disregard for the law of war, 6, 31, 35. See also cronyism; impunity coalition
Convention on the Prohibition of the Use, Stockpiling, Production and Transfer of Anti-Personnel Mines and on their Destruction. See Anti-Personnel Mine Ban Treaty (1997)
Coomer, Micah, 155
Cooper, Anderson, 162
COVID-19 vaccine, 87
Cramer, Kevin, 194
Crane, David M., 241
Crenshaw, Dan, 140
criminal investigations
extremism within the U.S. military, 145
Crow, Jason, 146
Cunningham, James, 148
cyberwarfare, 245
Daily Caller, 171
democratic backsliding, 6,
Dempsey, Martin, 208
detentions, 25
Deudney, Daniel, 229
Dichter, Avi, 233
disregard for IHL, 14, 32
Israel-Hamas war,
criticisms of, 235
Israel Defense Forces, 231
Israeli government, 232
Israeli media, 233
Israeli military, 234
Netanyahu, 231
Netanyahu,
U.S. military, , 200
domestic prosecutions
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
domestic terrorist plots and attacks
U.S. service members, 145
Doocey, Peter, 41
Electoral Count Reform Act (2022), 228
Eliyahu, Amichay, 233
executive orders
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
executive oversight, 178
executive powers
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
exploitation of political openings, 7
Feaver, Peter, 146
Flores, Bill, 58
forcible transfer of persons, 237
Ford, Gerald, 220
Ford, Stuart, 17
Fox News, 31, 32, 258
defense of clemencies, , 55
disproportionate force, 66
Hegseth, support for, , 198
ICC, 62
pro-military slant,
relationship with military,
Republican lawmakers, relationship with,
Soleimani strike, 65
state sovereignty, 63
storming of the U.S. Capitol, 158
torture,
Fracker, Jacob, 155
Franchetti, Lisa, 250
Free Press, 171
French, David, 45
Fukuyama, Francis, 253
Gallagher, Eddie, 1, 18, 37, 86, 200
moral purity arguments, 91,
overzealous prosecutors narrative,
pardon for war crime conviction, 37, 51
CJWC, , 140
lobbying organizations,
Republican lawmakers and conservative media,
social media, 183
right-wing influencer, as,
Trumpian hero, as, , 168
us/them binary,
Garcia, Gabriel, 161
Geneva Call, 206
German, Michael, 153
global criminal prosecution
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
Gohmert, Louie, 57, 58, 139. See also Congressional Justice for Warriors Caucus (CJWC)
National Defense Authorization Act, 176
storming of the U.S. Capitol, 160
Goldgeier, James M., 177
Goldsmith, Jack, 26
Goldsmith, Kristofer, 147
Golsteyn, Mathew, 200
celebrity, as,
moral purity arguments, 91
overzealous prosecutors narrative,
Trumpian hero, as, 90
Gorka, Sebastian, 198
Grant, Rebecca, 49
Greene, Matthew, 156
Greene Taylor, Marjorie, 159
Greenland
Trump’s annexation proposals, 254
Griffin, Couy, 93
Guantanamo Bay, 69
“guerrilla sabotage” in government
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
Gutfield, Greg, 69
habeas corpus violations, 25
Hagari, Daniel, 234
Hague Invasion Act (2002), 221
Hannity, Sean, 59, 63
Blackwater pardons, 43
pardons for war crimes convictions, 48
rules of engagement, 61
Soleimani, 65
torture, support for, 67
Hanson, Victor Davis
us/them binary, 77
Haspel, Gina, 68
Hathaway, Oona, 230
Hegseth, Pete, 4, 30, 67, 149
Blackwater pardons, 44
Defense Secretary, ,
furthering the impunity agenda,
Navy prosecutions, 88
us/them binary, 76
Hemmer, Nicole, 89
Henry, Ed, 41
Heritage Foundation, 194
Herzog, Isaac, 232
Higbie, Carl, 197
The Hill, 171
Hodges, Eric, 160
Hotovely, Tzipi, 232
HuffPost, 171
Human Rights First, 163
Ikenberry, John, 229
illegal interrogation techniques,
illegality of military conduct, 15
impeachment
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
impunity agenda,
behavior of service members in battle, 259
future of,
individual troops granted clemency, impact of,
lobbyist organizations,
remedies
binding methods,
nonbinding methods,
Republican lawmakers’ advocacy, , 258
right-wing media’s aggressive advocacy,
impunity coalition, 31, , 70, 74
citizens activation and rejection of IHL,
survey of attitudes toward war crimes,
incentive to disrespect IHL, 6
in-group status and loyalty, , 118, 120, 121, 123, 125
patriotism and/or white nationalism narrative,
inhumane acts as crimes against humanity
Israel-Hamas war, 231
intentionally directing attacks against a civilian population
Israel-Hamas war, 231
International Criminal Court (ICC), 11
criminal prosecutions,
Gbagbo, 226
investigations of U.S. servicemembers, 62
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
war crimes threshold, 18
International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), 18
Iran Nuclear Deal, 23
Iraq, 1, 29, 53, 139, 148, 180, 211. See also Blackwater pardons; Raven 23 convoy
Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans of America, 78
Israel
public respect for IHL, tenuous nature, 231
Jaffer, Jameel, 68
Japan’s strike on Pearl Harbor, 30
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 85
Jordan, Jim, 174
Justice for Victims of War Crimes Act (2022), 205
Karp, Alex, 246
Kennard, Matthew, 148
Khan, Humayun, 133
Kilmeade, Sean, 41
King, Steve, 88
Kirk, Charlie, 195
Kissinger, Henry, 222
Klaas, Brian, 243
Kolditz, Thomas, 146
Korean War, 23
Kucinich, Dennis, 223
language
dehumanizing language, 79
derogatory labels to undermine adversaries, 95
inflammatory, racially charged, 81
Lantis, Jeffrey S., 178
law of war, U.S. presidents’ relationship with,
leadership transitions, 16
legislative oversight, 224
Lepper, Steven J., 132
Libya, 29
limiting authority, 203
Lincoln Project, 137
lobbyist organizations
advocacy for war crime interventions,
Lohmeier, Matthew, 150
MacCallum, Martha, 158
Manafort, Paul, 89
Manigault-Newman, Omarosa, 80
Marquez, Tommy, 197
Marsh, Kevin, 178
Mast, Brian, 140
Matthews, Earl, 166
McCabe, Neil, 173
McCaffrey, Barry R., 63
McCallum, Martha, 41
McCausland, Jeff, 146
McConnell, Mitch, 66
McCormick, David, 148
McEnany, Kayleigh, 83
McInerney, Tom, 69
McVeigh, Timothy, 144
means to challenge IHL, 31,
storming of the U.S. Capitol,
war crime clemencies,
Fox News’ defense of,
Fox News’ influence,
public reactions,
public reactions (impunity coalition),
public reactions (support for challenges to IHL),
public reactions (support for exonerating crimes),
Republican lawmakers’ defense of,
Republican lawmakers’ influence,
media rotation program, 171
Mele, Jillian, 41
Meritt, Tyler, 182
military advantage, 6
military voices speaking out,
Military.com, 188
Miller, Craig, 95
Milosevic, Slobodan, 226
mockery of military service by Trump,
moderate Republicans
impunity agenda, influence over, , 217
motive to publicly challenge IHL, ,
storming of the U.S. Capitol,
Mulligan, Katrina, 153
National Public Radio, 171
Navarro, Peter, 85
Navy SEALs Fund (NSF),
NBC News, 171
New York Post, 171
Newbold, Adam, 157
Newbold, Kevin, 156
Nichols, Terry Lynn, 144
Nichols, Tom, 136
Niehoff, Leonard M., 162
Nisour Square Massacre (2007), 37
noncombatant immunity,
Nordean, Ethan, 163
Ocasio-Cortez, Alexandria, 222
Omar, Ilhan, 222
Operation Iraqi Freedom, 152
opportunity to upend commitments to IHL, 32,
military subcultures and norm socialization, 129
storming of the U.S. Capitol,
Ornstein, Norman, 45
oversight at the Pentagon, 205,
Palantir
AI-enabled warfare, 246
Palmer, James, 24
Panama Canal
USA seizure of, 254
Panetta, Leon, 85
pardons for war crime convictions, , 13, 30, 31
CJWC,
Hegseth, 44
ICC investigations, 226
individual troops granted clemency, impact of,
means to challenge IHL,
moral purity, 90
public reactions,
impunity coalition,
support for challenges to IHL,
support for exonerating crimes,
Republican lawmakers’ defense of,
Republican lawmakers’ influence,
partisan conflicts in Congress, 177
Paul, Rand, 65
Payne, Charles, 63
Pence, Mike, 78
Perry, Mark, 133
Peters, Ralph, 135
Petraeus, David, 208
Pipe Hitter Foundation, 197
Pirro, Jeanine, 41
Pitcavage, Mark, 146
politicization of the military, 73,
Pompeo, Mike, 62
Porch, Douglas, 90
pressures from U.S. military voices
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
prohibitions on torture, 59
prosecutorial deterrence
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
public gatherings
advocacy for war crime interventions, 183
purging of Pentagon officials, 250
Rainey, Emily, 155
Raskin, Jamie, 253
Reagan, Ronald, 254
reinforcement of the impunity agenda from within
CJWC,
polarization in Congress,
Repeal Hague Invasion Act (2022), 222
Republican lawmakers
disproportionate force, 66
noncombatant immunity, 62
relationship with military,
right-wing media, relationship with,
state sovereignty, 65
storming of the U.S. Capitol,
torture,
Reschenthaler, Guy, 56
restraining the impunity agenda from within
Cabinet resistance,
critiques from conservative intellectual circles,
domestic prosecution,
executive orders,
global criminal prosecution,
“guerrilla sabotage” in government,
ICC jurisdiction,
impeachment,
limiting executive powers,
pressures from U.S. military voices,
pushback from moderate Republicans,
reform of the Insurrectionist Act,
social deterrence and prosecutorial deterrence,
UN resolutions,
Rhodes, Stewart, 154
Richmond, Edward, 152
Riddle, Jason, 155
Rieckhoff, Paul, 78
Robertson, Thomas, 155
Rogers, Mike, 149
Rome Statute of ICC, 18
Rounds, Mike, 194
Sasse, Ben, 65
Saunders, Elizabeth N., 177
Save Our Heroes (SOH), 181
Schumer, Chuck, 81
Scott, Rick, 194
screening of recruits and training of commanders, 203
self-governing norms and regulations, 32
Senate Armed Services Committee, 30
Sessions, Jeff, 85
Slife, James, 250
Slotkin, Elissa, 146
Smith, Rob, 149
Smith, Sandra, 41
social deterrence
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
social media, 175. See also Facebook; X (formerly Twitter)
advocacy for war crime interventions, 183
IDF and noncombatant immunity, 234
Lorance, 189
Soleimani, Qasem, , 81
Springer, Drew, 58
state sovereignty
Fox News, 63
Iraq War, 25
legality of foreign assassinations,
Republican lawmakers, 65
Stevenson, Adlai, 257
Stone, Roger, 88
storming of the U.S. Capitol,
delayed military response,
military service members, role of,
motive to court right-wing military community, 152,
opportunity to inflict damage, 152,
structural reforms and criminal charges, 205
Sudan, 14
superior orders defense
storming of the U.S. Capitol, 162
Swalwell, Eric, 137
Taleb, Rashida, 222
Talmon, Stefan, 230
Tankel, Stephen, 83
Taylor, Charles, 226
technological advancements, 245
Thornberry, Mac, 61
Tirman, John, 23
torture, 25,
Fox News’ support for,
Hannity’s support for, 67
Obama’s condemnation of, 110
Republican lawmakers,
trade tariffs, 254
Trump’s contempt for international law, , , 200
policy and governance, importance for,
scholarship and research, importance for,
Trump’s relationship with military,
Turning Point USA, 195
UN Human Rights Council, 23
UN resolutions
rejection of the impunity agenda from within,
Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 31
United American Patriots (UAP),
United Nations (UN) High Commissioner for Human Rights, 13
Urben, Heidi, 208
U.S. Agency for International Development, 254
U.S. military
agents of death, as, 200
disregard for Geneva Conventions, , 200
Fox News, relationship with,
illegality of military conduct, 15
Law of War Manual, 22
military votes, 131
politicization of the military, 73
recruitment,
Republican lawmakers, relationship with,
support for Trump,
Trump’s relationship with,
violations of IHL, , 8
U.S.–Mexico border wall, 81
us/them binary,
moral purity,
War Crimes Act (1996), 206
war criminal, Trump as,
Warrior Boards, 150
Waters, Jesse, 68
Watkins, Jessica, 155
Webster, Daniel, 58
Whiton, Christian, 62
willfully causing great suffering
Israel-Hamas war, 231
Open access