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Chapter 14 - Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2)

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By
Viren Swami
Edited by
Virginia Ramseyer Winter ,
Tracy L. Tylka  and
Antoinette M. Landor
Virginia Ramseyer Winter
Affiliation:
University of Minnesota
Tracy L. Tylka
Affiliation:
Ohio State University
Antoinette M. Landor
Affiliation:
University of Missouri
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Summary

The 13-item Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (Swami et al., 2021) is a measure of the degree to which an individual perceives that their body, and its physical characteristics are valued, respected, and unconditionally accepted by important others. The BAOS-2 can be administered online or in-person to adults and is free to use for non-commercial purposes. This chapter discusses the development of the original BAOS and the BAOS-2, before providing evidence of its psychometric properties. Specifically, scores on the BAOS-2 have been found to have a unidimensional factor structure through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Scores on the BAOS-2 are invariant across gender identity and evidence of adequate composite reliability and test-retest reliability, as well as convergent, criterion-related, discriminant, incremental, and predictive validity supports its use. Next, this chapter provides the BAOS-2 items in full, as well as instructions for administering the BAOS-2 to participants, the item response scale, and the scoring procedure. Known translations are described and logistics of use are provided for readers.

Keywords

Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2BAOS-2ItemsBody acceptanceScale developmentPsychometric evidenceFactor structureReliabilityValidityAdministrationScoringTranslations available

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Chapter
Information
Handbook of Body Image-Related Measures , pp. 40 - 42
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Avalos, L. C., & Tylka, T. L. (2006). Exploring a model of intuitive eating with college women. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(4), 486–497. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-1067.53.4.486.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swami, V., & Barron, D. (2019). Translation and validation of body image instruments: Challenges, good practice guidelines, and reporting recommendations for test adaptation. Body Image, 31, 204–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2018.08.014.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swami, V., Furnham, A., Horne, G., & Stieger, S. (2020a). Taking it apart and putting it back together again: Using Item Pool Visualisation to summarise complex data patterns in (positive) body image research. Body Image, 34, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.05.004.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swami, V., Todd, J., & Barron, D. (2021c). Translation and validation of body image instruments: An addendum to Swami and Barron (2019) in the form of frequently asked questions. Body Image, 37, 214–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.03.002.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swami, V., Todd, J., Barron, D., Wong, K. Y., Zahari, K. Y., & Tylka, T. L. (2021b). The Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2): Psychometric properties of a Bahasa Malaysia (Malay) translation and an assessment of invariance across Malaysia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Body Image, 38, 346–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2021.05.009.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swami, V., Todd, J., Stieger, S., Furnham, A., Horne, G., & Tylka, T. L. (2021a). Body acceptance by others: Refinement of the construct, and development and psychometric evaluation of a revised measure – The Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2. Body Image, 36, 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Swami, V., Todd, J., Stieger, S., & Tylka, T. L. (2020b). The Body Acceptance by Others Scale: An assessment of its factorial validity in adults from the United Kingdom. Body Image, 35, 71–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.08.006.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wang, J., Shaw, A., & Jackson, T. (2022). Validation of the Body Acceptance by Others Scale-2 (BAOS-2) and assessment of its associations with prospective changes in body image among young adults in China. Body Image, 43, 112–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2022.08.017.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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