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33 - Low-power building blocks for neural recording systems

from Part VI - Brain interfaces

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2015

By
Mohamed Elzeftawi  and
Luke Theogarajan
Edited by
Sandro Carrara  and
Krzysztof Iniewski
Mohamed Elzeftawi
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Barbara
Luke Theogarajan
Affiliation:
University of California, Santa Barbara
Sandro Carrara
Affiliation:
École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
Krzysztof Iniewski
Affiliation:
Redlen Technologies Inc., Canada
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Summary

Neural recording

Neural recordings have been utilized for controlling brain–machineinterfaces, such as artificial arms, since the late 1960s [1]. Neuralrecording devices play a central role in paralysis prosthetics, stroke,Parkinson’s disease, prosthetics for blindness, and experimentalneuroscience systems. Several attempts have been conducted in recent yearsto implement large-scale multi-electrode neural recording [2], [3].Experiments have been conducted on a variety of species ranging from rats[4] and monkeys [5] to humans [6].

Figure 33.1 shows how a brain–machine interface (BMI) can help severalpatients. Figure 33.1(a) shows conceptually how BMIs can help patients whosuffer from damaged arm muscles, preventing the signal from reaching thebrain, or those who have artificial limbs [7]. Vivid examples of recentefforts in using BMIs to help paralyzed patients include the thought controlof a wheelchair [8], as seen in Figure 33.1(b), and thought control of arobotic arm by a patient suffering from paralysis for 15 years [9], as shownin Figure 33.1(c). However, better quality of life could be imparted tothese patients if a fully implantable wireless solution was available.

Figure 33.2 shows an illustrative picture of a brain implant system. Theimplant’s power is wirelessly harvested to allow battery-free operation.Wireless transmission is necessary to allow for non-invasive operation.

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Type
Chapter
Information
Handbook of Bioelectronics
Directly Interfacing Electronics and Biological Systems
 , pp. 400 - 413
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2015

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