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In primo libello sermonis universi membra, quae prima legentibus artis grammaticae studia praecipua esse videbantur, pro qualitale ingenii puto me satis exposuisse, uec ullius fugere scientiam arbitror totam loquendi materiam disputandique substantiam partibus orationis administrari; in hoc vero quid sit grammatica et quibus aliis adminiculis instruatur explicabimus.
DE VOCE
Vox est, ut Stoicis videtur, spiritus tenuis auditu sensibilis, quantum in ipso est. fit autem vel exilis aurae pulsu vel verberati aeris ictu. omnis vox aut articulata est aut confusa. articulata est rationalis hominum loquellis explanata. eadem et litteralis vel scriptilis appellatur, quia litteris couprehendi potest. confusa est inrationalis vel inscriptilis, simplici vocis sono animalium effecta, quae scribi non potest, ut est equi hinnitus, tauri mugitus. quidam etiam modulatam vocem addiderunt tibiae vel organi, quae, quamquam scribi non potest, habet tamen modulatam aliquam distinctionem. unde quidam vocis tria officia designant, eloquium timnitum sonum. eloquium est humanae pronuntiationis ∥ expressa significatio facilem mentibus efficiens intellectum; tinnitus est fabricatae materiae inlisio tenui sono auditionem acuens; sonus est corporalis conlisio repentinum auribus inferens fragorem. quid quod veteres omnes sonos voces dixerunt? ut
fractasque ab litore voces.
DE DEFINITIONE
Definitio est oratio quae id de quo quaeritur aperte describit et determinat. Cicero sic eam definit, ‘definitio est oratio quae quid sit de quo agitur ostendit quam brevissime’.
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