This chapter analyses the transformation that the communal bonds shaped between Jerusalem’s inhabitants and the Holy Sepulchre underwent in the second half of the twelfth century, first as the mechanisms established in Jerusalem were exported and adapted to its hinterland, and then when other institutions, such as the Hospital of St John, increased their involvement in the cityscape. When this process coalesced with the increasing autonomy of the burgess population, former social structures were replaced by looser forms of collaboration between the burgesses and individual institutions. Building on this analysis, this chapter then turns to examining the social structures of Frankish Jerusalem through the comparative framework of medieval immigrant cities, in order to readdress its unique status between Western perceptions and manifestations of medieval urbanism, and local, eastern Mediterranean challenges.