Abbreviations

AMOC

Atlantic meridional overturning circulation

APA

environmental protection area (área de proteção ambiental)

ASGM

artisanal and small-scale gold mining

BNDES

Brazil’s National Development Bank

BRF

Brazil Foods

BRICs

Brazil, Russia, India, China

C

commodity capital

CAN

National Confederation of Agriculture and Livestock

CAR

Rural Environmental Registry system (Cadastro Ambiental Rural)

CCF

continuous cover silviculture

CDB

China Development Bank

CEO

chief operating officer

CIFOR

Center for International Forestry Research

CMA

Environment Commission

CMER

Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve

CNS

National Council of Extractive Populations

CPI

Comissão Pró-Índio

CPT

Pastoral Land Commission

DTVM

jewelry and gold shops and securities distributors

ELN

National Liberation Army

ERDRBE

Regional Strategy for Low Emission Rural Development (Estrategia Regional de Desarrollo Rural Bajo en Emisiones)

EU

European Union

FAO

Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations

FARC

Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia

FENAMAD

Madre de Dios Native Federation (Federación Nativa del Río Madre de Dios y Afluentes)

FLONA

national forests

FPND

non-destined public forests

FSC

Forest Stewardship Council

FUNAI

National Indian Foundation

GDP

gross domestic product

GEG

global environmental governance

GIS

geographical information systems

GPS

geographic positioning system

HCV

high conservation value

HNV

high nature value

IBAMA

Brazilian Institute of the Environment and Renewable Natural Resources

ICMBio

Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Conservation

ICMS

lowest value-added tax rate

IDB

Inter-American Development Bank

IFC

International Finance Corporation

IIRSA

Initiative for the Integration of the Regional Infrastructure of South America

ILO

International Labour Organization

INCRA

National Institute for Colonization and Agrarian Reform (Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária)

IPBES

Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services

JBIC

Japan Bank for International Cooperation

KP–UNFCCC

Kyoto Protocol – United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Luke

Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luonnonvarakeskus)

LULUCF

EU Regulation on Land Use, Land-Use Change, and Forestry

M

money capital

M′

increased money capital

m³

cubic meters

MATOPIBA

Maranhão, Tocantins, Piauí, and Bahia

MCM

million cubic meters

MERA

forest improvement program

Metla

Finnish Forest Research Institute

MHY

Forest Management Associations (Metsänhoitoyhdistykset)

MMM

Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry

MPF

Federal Prosecution Service

MST

Brazilian Landless Movement

MTK

Central Union of Agricultural Producers and Forest Owners

MWh

megawatt hour

NATO

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

NGO

nongovernmental organization

NIB

Nordic Development Bank

NWFP

nonwood forest products

PCC

First Capital Command (Primeiro Comando da Capital)

PEFC

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification

PT

Workers’ Party

QCA

qualitative comparative analysis

RDPE

regionally dominant political economy

RESEX

extractive reserve

RFM

rotation forest management

SEK

Swedish Export Credit Corporation

SERFOR

Peru’s Forest Service

SITRA

Finnish Innovation Fund

SLL

The Finnish Association for Nature Conservation (Suomen luonnonsuojeluliitto)

STTR

Rural Workers’ Union

SUDAM

Superintendency for the Development of the Amazon

TI

Terras Indígenas (Reservations)

UC

conservation units

UDR

Democratic Association of Ruralists (União Democrática Ruralista)

USD

United States dollar

WWF

World Wide Fund for Nature

WWII

Second World War

XR

Extinction Rebellion

YLE

Yleisradio Oy