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26 - The formation and character of the Jerusalem Talmud

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
Leib Moscovitz
Edited by
Steven T. Katz
Leib Moscovitz
Affiliation:
Department of Talmud, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan
Steven T. Katz
Affiliation:
Boston University
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Summary

CONTENTS AND LANGUAGE

The Jerusalem Talmud (Talmud Yerushalmi), which is more accurately known as the Palestinian Talmud (henceforth, the PT), since this work was not produced in Jerusalem, is the Mishnah commentary produced in the Palestinian rabbinical academies during the third and fourth centuries ce. However, the PT contains much more than Mishnah commentary: it cites and discusses other tannaitic sources (baraitot and halachic midrashim) and includes legal decisions and discussions which are unrelated to the Mishnah, as well as a substantial amount of non-legal material.

The PT is written in a combination of Hebrew and Galilean Aramaic. The criteria determining when each of these languages is used are not fully clear, although Aramaic is often used in non-legal contexts and in technical terminology. The PT also contains a fair number of Greek loan-words, and a smaller number of Latin loan-words. Babylonian Aramaic is not found in reliable texts of the PT, such as Genizah fragments, although vulgate texts of the work (e.g., printed editions) are often contaminated with Babylonian Aramaic vocabulary and morphology.

Keywords

halachic baraitotBabylonian TalmudBabylonian teachingsMishnahPalestinian TalmudTosefta
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of Judaism , pp. 663 - 677
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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References

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