Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-745bb68f8f-hvd4g Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-12T10:07:27.577Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

23 - Income, Income Inequality, Community, and the Development of Coping

The Reformulated Adaptation to Poverty-Related Stress Model

from Part V - Social Contexts and the Development of Coping

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2023

By
Martha E. Wadsworth ,
Jarl A. Ahlkvist ,
Allison Pequet  and
Chelsea O. Mayo
Edited by
Ellen A. Skinner  and
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
Ellen A. Skinner
Affiliation:
Portland State University
Melanie J. Zimmer-Gembeck
Affiliation:
Griffith University, Queensland
Get access

Summary

This chapter describes the development, refinement, and key guiding insights of the Reformulated Adaptation to Poverty-Related Stress (APRS) model. The APRS model elucidates how children (and adults) cope with and adapt to the plethora of stressful exposures and conditions that comprise poverty’s developmental context, and why coping in this stressful context often differs from coping found in less stressful developmental contexts. The chapter articulates implications of the APRS for research that takes context seriously and for interventions that meet children where they are; help them grow broad, flexible coping repertoires; develop the ability to differentiate among domains of stress that require different coping approaches; and learn to tailor one’s coping responses to the type of stressor being encountered. In this way, the APRS can guide researchers and interventionists to dump the deficit model of poor people and embrace the possibilities opened by an appreciation for the remarkable adaptiveness of humans.

Keywords

povertycopingadaptationchronic stresssocial actioncollaborative coping
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of the Development of Coping , pp. 560 - 580
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abaied, J. L., & Stanger, S. B. (2017). Socialization of coping in a predominantly female sample of caregivers: Contributions to children’s social adjustment in middle childhood. Journal of Family Psychology, 31(7), 958–964. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000342Google Scholar
Aiyer, S. M., Zimmerman, M. A., Morrel-Samuels, S., & Reischl, T. M. (2015). From broken windows to busy streets: A community empowerment perspective. Health Education & Behavior, 42(2), 137–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198114558590CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, J., Barreto, M., Kahn, K. B., & de Oliveira Laux, S. H. (2015). The collective value of “me” (and its limitations): Towards a more nuanced understanding of individual and collective coping with prejudice. Journal of Social Issues, 71(3), 497–516. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12125CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bendezú, J. J., Perzow, S. E., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2016). What constitutes effective coping and efficient physiologic regulation following psychosocial stress depends on involuntary stress responses. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 73, 42–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.07.005CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bernard, K., Dozier, M., Bick, J., & Gordon, M. K. (2015). Intervening to enhance cortisol regulation among children at risk for neglect: Results of a randomized clinical trial. Developmental Psychopathology, 27(3), 829–841. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457941400073XGoogle Scholar
Bernardo, A. B., Wang, T. Y., Pesigan, I. J. A., & Yeung, S. S. (2017). Pathways from collectivist coping to life satisfaction among Chinese: The roles of locus-of-hope. Personality and Individual Differences, 106, 253–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2016.10.059Google Scholar
Blair, C., & Raver, C. C. (2012). Child development in the context of adversity: Experiential canalization of brain and behavior. American Psychologist, 67(4), 309–318. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0027493Google Scholar
Braveman, P. A., Cubbin, C., Egerter, S., Williams, D. R., & Pamuk, E. (2010). Socioeconomic disparities in health in the United States: What the patterns tell us. American Journal of Public Health, 100(1), 186–196. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.166082Google Scholar
Brody, G. H., Yu, T., Chen, E., Miller, G. E., Kogan, S. M., & Beach, S. R. (2013). Is resilience only skin deep? Rural African Americans’ socioeconomic status–related risk and competence in preadolescence and psychological adjustment and allostatic load at age 19. Psychological Science, 24(7), 1285–1293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797612471954CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bullock, H. E. (2019). Psychology’s contributions to understanding and alleviating poverty and economic inequality: Introduction to the special section. American Psychologist, 74(6), 635–640. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000532Google Scholar
Burns, B. M., Merritt, J., Chyu, L., & Gil, R. (2019). The implementation of mindfulness‐based, trauma‐informed parent education in an underserved Latino community: The emergence of a community workforce. American Journal of Community Psychology, 63(3–4), 338–354. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12342CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chen, E., Matthews, K. A., & Boyce, W. T. (2002). Socioeconomic differences in children’s health: How and why do these relationships change with age? Psychological Bulletin, 128(2), 295–329. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.128.2.295CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cheng, C., Lau, H.-P. B., & Chan, M.-P. S. (2014). Coping flexibility and psychological adjustment to stressful life changes: A meta-analytic review. Psychological Bulletin, 140(6), 1582–1607. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0037913Google Scholar
Clarke, A. T. (2006). Coping with interpersonal stress and psychosocial health among children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(1), 10–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9001-xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Compas, B. E., Connor-Smith, J. K., Saltzman, H., Thomsen, A. H., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2001). Coping with stress during childhood and adolescence: Problems, progress, and potential in theory and research. Psychological Bulletin, 127(1), 87–127. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.127.1.87.Google Scholar
Constantine, M. G., Donnelly, P. C., & Myers, L. J. (2002). Collective self-esteem and Africultural coping styles in African American adolescents. Journal of Black Studies, 32(6), 698–710. https://doi.org/10.1177/00234702032006004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R. P., & Williams, W. R. (2020). Bringing psychologists to the fight against deep poverty. American Psychologist, 75(5), 655–667. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000650Google Scholar
Del Giudice, M., Ellis, B. J., & Shirtcliff, E. A. (2011). The adaptive calibration model of stress responsivity. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 35(7), 1562–1592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.11.007Google Scholar
DePasquale, C. E., Donzella, B., & Gunnar, M. R. (2019). Pubertal recalibration of cortisol reactivity following early life stress: A cross-sectional analysis. Journal of Child Psychology Psychiatry, 60(5), 566–575. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12992CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Edlynn, E. S., Miller, S. A., Gaylord‐Harden, N. K., & Richards, M. H. (2008). African American inner‐city youth exposed to violence: Coping skills as a moderator for anxiety. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 78(2), 249–258. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013948Google Scholar
Ellis, B. J., Abrams, L. S., Masten, A. S., Sternberg, R. J., Tottenham, N., & Frankenhuis, W. E. (2020). Hidden talents in harsh environments. Development and Psychopathology, 34(1), 95–113. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420000887CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Epel, E. (2012). How “reversible” is telomeric aging? Cancer Prevention Research, 5(10), 1163–1168. https://doi.org/10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0370Google Scholar
Evans, G. W., Kim, P., Ting, A. H., Tesher, H. B., & Shannis, D. (2007). Cumulative risk, maternal responsiveness, and allostatic load among young adolescents. Developmental Psychology, 43(2), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.43.2.341Google Scholar
Evans, G. W., Li, D., & Whipple, S. S. (2013). Cumulative risk and child development. Psychological Bulletin, 139(6), 1342– 1396. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031808Google Scholar
Frankenhuis, W. E., & Nettle, D. (2020). The strengths of people in poverty. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 29(1), 16–21. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721419881154CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Frankenhuis, W. E., Young, E. S., & Ellis, B. J. (2020). The hidden talents approach: Theoretical and methodological challenges. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 24(7), 569–581. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2020.03.007Google Scholar
García Coll, C., Lamberty, G., Jenkins, R., McAdoo, H. P., Crnic, K., Wasik, B. H., & Vázquez García, H. (1996). An integrative model for the study of developmental competencies in minority children. Child Development, 67(5), 1891–1914.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gaskin, D. J., Thorpe, R. J., McGinty, E. E., Bower, K., Rohde, C., Young, J. H., LaVeist, T. A., & Dubay, L. (2014). Disparities in diabetes: The nexus of race, poverty, and place. American Journal of Public Health, 104(11), 2147–2155. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2013.301420Google Scholar
Gaylord‐Harden, N. K., Burrow, A. L., & Cunningham, J. A. (2012). A cultural‐asset framework for investigating successful adaptation to stress in African American youth. Child Development Perspectives, 6(3), 264–271. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1750-8606.2012.00236.xGoogle Scholar
Gaylord-Harden, N. K., & Cunningham, J. A. (2008). The impact of racial discrimination and coping strategies on internalizing symptoms in African American youth. Journal of Adolescent Youth, 38(4), 532–543. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-008-9377-5Google Scholar
Gazso, A., McDaniel, S., & Waldron, I. (2016). Networks of social support to manage poverty: More changeable than durable. Journal of Poverty, 20(4), 441–463. https://doi.org/10.1080/10875549.2015.1112869Google Scholar
Gutierrez, L. M. (1994). Beyond coping: An empowerment perspective on stressful life events. Journal of Sociology and Social Welfare, 21(3), 201–220.Google Scholar
Haslam, S. A., & Reicher, S. (2006). Stressing the group: Social identity and the unfolding dynamics of responses to stress. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5), 1037–1052. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.5.1037CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heppner, P. P. (2008). Expanding the conceptualization and measurement of applied problem solving and coping: From stages to dimensions to the almost forgotten cultural context. American Psychologist, 63(8), 805–816. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.63.8.805CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heppner, P. P., Heppner, M. J., Lee, D., Wang, Y. W., Park, H., & Wang, L. (2006). Development and validation of a collectivist coping styles inventory. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53(1), 107–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.107CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaser, S. S., Langrock, A. M., Keller, G., Merchant, M. J., Benson, M. A., Reeslund, K., Champion, J. E., & Compas, B. E. (2005). Coping with the stress of parental depression II: Adolescent and parent reports of coping and adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 34(1), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3401_18Google Scholar
Jetten, J., Haslam, S. A., Cruwys, T., Greenaway, K. H., Haslam, C., & Steffens, N. K. (2017). Advancing the social identity approach to health and well-being: Progressing the social cure research agenda. European Journal of Social Psychology, 47(7), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2333CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kliewer, W., Parrish, K. A., Taylor, K. W., Jackson, K., Walker, J. M., & Shivy, V. A. (2006). Socialization of coping with community violence: Influences of caregiver coaching, modeling, and family context. Child Development, 77(3), 605–623. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2006.00893.xGoogle Scholar
Korneluk, Y. G., & Lee, C. M. (1998). Children’s adjustment to parental physical illness. Clinical Child Family Psychology Review, 1(3), 179–193. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022654831666Google Scholar
Kuo, B. C. H. (2013). Collectivism and coping: Current theories, evidence, and measurements of collective coping. International Journal of Psychology, 48(3), 374–388. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2011.640681Google Scholar
Lardier, D. T. Jr. (2018). An examination of ethnic identity as a mediator of the effects of community participation and neighborhood sense of community on psychological empowerment among urban youth of color. Journal of Community Psychology, 46(5), 551–566. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcop.21958Google Scholar
Lustig, D. C. (2002). Family coping in families with a child with a disability. Education and Training in Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities, 37(1), 14–22. www.jstor.org/stable/23879579Google Scholar
Masarik, A. S., & Conger, R. D. (2017). Stress and child development: A review of the family stress model. Current Opinion in Psychology, 13, 85–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2016.05.008Google Scholar
Masten, A. S., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Developmental cascades. Development and Psychopathology, 22(3), 491–495. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579410000222Google Scholar
McCubbin, H. I., McCubbin, M. A., Thompson, A. I., & Thompson, E. A. (1998). Resiliency in ethnic families: A conceptual model for predicting family adjustment and adaptation. In McCubbin, H. I., Thompson, E. A., Thompson, A. I., & Fromer, J. E. (Eds.), Resiliency in families series: Vol. 2. Resiliency in Native American and immigrant families (pp. 3–48). Sage Publications, Inc.Google Scholar
McEwen, B., & Seeman, T. (1999). Allostatis, allostatic load, and stress. In Anderson, N. B. (Ed.), Encyclopedia of health and behavior (pp. 41–44). Sage Publications, Inc. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412952576.n13Google Scholar
McEwen, B., & Stellar, E. (1993). Stress and the individual: Mechanisms leading to disease. Archives of Internal Medicine, 153(18), 2093–2101. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1993.00410180039004Google Scholar
McLoyd, V. C. (1990). The impact of economic hardship on Black families and children: Psychological distress, parenting, and socioemotional development. Child Development, 61(2), 311–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.1990.tb02781.xGoogle Scholar
McNamara, N., Stevenson, C., & Muldoon, O. T. (2013). Community identity as resource and context: A mixed method investigation of coping and collective action in a disadvantaged community. European Journal of Social Psychology, 43(5), 393–403. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.1953Google Scholar
Meier, H., Hussein, M., Needham, B., Barber, S., Lin, J., Seeman, T., & Roux, A. (2019). Cellular response to chronic psychosocial stress: Ten-year longitudinal changes in telomere length in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 107, 70–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.04.018Google Scholar
Miller, G. E., Chen, E., & Parker, K. J. (2011). Psychological stress in childhood and susceptibility to the chronic diseases of aging: Moving toward a model of behavioral and biological mechanisms. Psychological Bulletin, 137(6), 959–997. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0024768Google Scholar
Nemeroff, C. B. (2021). The trifecta of misery and disease vulnerability: Poverty, childhood maltreatment, and inflammation (editorial). American Journal of Psychiatry, 178(4), 282–284. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2020.21010087Google Scholar
Outten, H. R., Schmitt, M. T., Garcia, D. M., & Branscombe, N. R. (2009). Coping options: Missing links between minority group identification and psychological well-being. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 58(1), 146–170. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.2008.00386.xGoogle Scholar
Pepper, G., & Nettle, D. (2017). The behavioral constellation of deprivation: Causes and consequences. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 40, Article e314. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X1600234XGoogle Scholar
Pickett, K. E., & Wilkinson, R. G. (2015). Income inequality and health: A causal review. Social Science & Medicine, 128, 316–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.12.031Google Scholar
Quinn, K., Pacella, M. L., Dickson‐Gomez, J., & Nydegger, L. A. (2017). Childhood adversity and the continued exposure to trauma and violence among adolescent gang members. American Journal Community Psychology, 59(1–2), 36–49. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12123Google Scholar
Roy, A. L., Raver, C. C., Masucci, M. D., & DeJoseph, M. (2019). “If they focus on giving us a chance in life we can actually do something in this world”: Poverty, inequality, and youths’ critical consciousness. Developmental Psychology, 55(3), 550–561. https://doi.org/10.1037/dev0000586Google Scholar
Rupp, L. A., Zimmerman, M. A., Sly, K. W., Reischl, T. M., Thulin, E. J., Wyatt, T. A., & Stock, J. P. (2020). Community‐engaged neighborhood revitalization and empowerment: Busy streets theory in action. American Journal of Community Psychology, 65(1–2), 90–106. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12358Google Scholar
Santiago, C. D., Etter, E. M., Wadsworth, M. E., & Raviv, T. (2012). Predictors of responses to stress among families coping with poverty-related stress. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 25(3), 239–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/10615806.2011.583347CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Santiago, C. D., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2009). Coping with family conflict: What’s helpful and what’s not for low-income adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 18(2), 192–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-008-9219-9Google Scholar
Santiago, C. D., & Wadsworth, M. E. (2011). Family and cultural influences on low-income Latino children’s adjustment. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 40(2), 332–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.546038Google Scholar
Sapolsky, R. (1982). The endocrine stress-response and social status in the wild baboon. Hormones and Behavior, 16(3), 279–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/0018-506X(82)90027-7Google Scholar
Semega, J., Kollar, M., Shrider, E., & Creamer, J. (2020). Income and poverty in the United States, 2019 (Current Population Reports). Report No. P60–270. www.census.gov/library/visualizations/2020/demo/p60-270.htmlGoogle Scholar
Stevenson, C., Costa, S., Wakefield, J., Kellezi, B., & Stack, R. J. (2020). Family identification facilitates coping with financial stress: A social identity approach to family financial resilience. Journal of Economic Psychology, 78, Article 102271. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2020.102271Google Scholar
Utsey, S. O., Bolden, M. A., Lanier, Y., & Williams, O. (2007). Examining the role of culture-specific coping as a predictor of resilient outcomes in African Americans from high-risk urban communities. Journal of Black Psychology, 33(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0095798406295094Google Scholar
Wadsworth, M. E. (2015). Development of maladaptive coping: A functional adaptation to chronic, uncontrollable stress. Child Developmental Perspectives, 9(2), 96–100. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12112CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Wadsworth, M. E., Ahlkvist, J., McDonald, A., & Tilghman-Osborne, E. (2018). Future directions in research and intervention with youths in poverty. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47(6), 1023–1038. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2018.1485108Google Scholar
Wadsworth, M. E., & Berger, L. (2006). Adolescents coping with poverty-related family stress: Prospective predictors of coping and psychological symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 35(1), 57–70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-005-9022-5Google Scholar
Wadsworth, M. E., & Compas, B. E. (2002). Coping with family conflict and economic strain: The adolescent perspective. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 12(2), 243–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.00033Google Scholar
Wadsworth, M. E., McDonald, A., Joos, C. M., Ahlkvist, J. A., Perzow, S. E., Tilghman-Osborne, E. M., & Brelsford, G. (2020). Reducing the biological and psychological toxicity of poverty related stress: Building a strong identity and coping skills. American Journal of Community Psychology, 65(3–4), 305–319. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajcp.12400CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wadsworth, M. E., Raviv, T., Compas, B. E., & Connor-Smith, J. K. (2005). Parent and adolescent responses to poverty related stress: Tests of mediated and moderated coping models. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 14(2), 283–298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-005-5056-2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wadsworth, M. E., Raviv, T., Santiago, C. D., & Etter, E. M. (2011). Testing the adaptation to poverty-related stress model: Predicting psychopathology symptoms in families facing economic hardship. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 40(4), 646–657. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2011.581622Google Scholar
Wadsworth, M. E., Rindlaub, L., Hurwich-Reiss, E., Rienks, S., Bianco, H., & Markman, H. J. (2013). A longitudinal examination of the adaptation to poverty-related stress model: Predicting child and adolescent adjustment over time. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 42(5), 713–725. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.755926Google Scholar
Wagstaff, A., & van Doorslaer, E. (2000). Income inequality and health: What does the literature tell us? Annual Review of Public Health, 21, 543–567. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.publhealth.21.1.543Google Scholar
Watts, R. J., Diemer, M. A., & Voight, A. M. (2011). Critical consciousness: Current status and future directions. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2011(134), 43–57. https://doi.org/10.1146/10.1002/cd.310Google Scholar
West-Eberhard, M. J. (2003). Developmental plasticity and evolution. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Zhang, D., Fang, J., Zhang, L., Yuan, J., Wan, Y., Su, P., Tao, F., & Sun, Y. (2021). Pubertal recalibration of cortisol reactivity following early life parent-child separation. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 320–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.09.030Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M. A. (1995). Psychological empowerment: Issues and illustrations. American Journal of Community Psychology, 23(5), 581–599. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506983Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M. A. (2000). Empowerment theory. In Rappaport, J. & Seidman, E. (Eds.), Handbook of community psychology (pp. 43–63). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zimmerman, M. A., Eisman, A. B., Reischl, T. M., Morrel-Samuels, S., Stoddard, S., Miller, A. L., Hutchison, P., Franzen, S., & Rupp, L. (2018). Youth empowerment solutions: Evaluation of an after-school program to engage middle school students in community change. Health Education & Behavior, 45(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198117710491Google Scholar
Zimmerman, M. A., Stoddard, S. A., Eisman, A. B., Caldwell, C. H., Aiyer, S. M., & Miller, A. (2013). Adolescent resilience: Promotive factors that inform prevention. Child Development Perspectives, 7(4), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12042Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×