Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language and Brain
- Cambridge Handbooks In Language And Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language and Brain
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Neuroimaging Studies of Brain and Language
- Part III Language and Cognitive Plasticity and Processing
- Part IV Variations of Language Representations in the Brain
- Part V Brain, Language, and Music
- Part VI New Directions and Perspectives
- Index
- References
12 - Longitudinal fMRI Analyses of Second Language Acquisition
Expanding the Repertoire of Imaging Techniques and Proficiency Measures in Future Studies
from Part IVA - Building Cognitive Brain Reserve and the Importance of Proficiency
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 12 December 2025
Book contents
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language and Brain
- Cambridge Handbooks In Language And Linguistics
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language and Brain
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Contributors
- Acknowledgments
- Part I Introduction
- Part II Neuroimaging Studies of Brain and Language
- Part III Language and Cognitive Plasticity and Processing
- Part IV Variations of Language Representations in the Brain
- Part V Brain, Language, and Music
- Part VI New Directions and Perspectives
- Index
- References
Summary
Since the late 1990s, thousands of fMRI studies have been conducted on different aspects of language processing in the human brain. The earlier studies were generally devoted to first language or monolingual processing, but the field has continued to expand to include both studies of a single first language, and bi/multilingual language processing in the brain. A modest number of fMRI longitudinal studies of second language acquisition began to emerge over the past 13 years. The following analysis uses the findings of these BOLD fMRI longitudinal studies of second language acquisition, including comparison with cross-sectional studies of L2 acquisition, to make recommendations for enhancing the research design and empirical measurements to facilitate new methodologies and approaches. Conclusions include a discussion of the utility of longitudinal studies, elucidation of the theoretical foundation of dynamic modeling underlying individual user variation in L1/L2 language processing, inclusion of a broader array of imaging techniques (structural DTI, resting state fMRI and functional connectivity), and the importance of proficiency measurements and proficiency testing as a part of research design.
Keywords
longitudinal fMRI studies of language acquisition (L2/L3)second language acquisitionCommon European Framework (CEFR)language proficiency measurements in neuroimaging studiesstructural MRIdiffusion tensor imaging (DTI)fractional anisotropy (FA)functional MRI (fMRI)resting state fMRIMANCOVAimportance of longitudinal neuroimaging studies of languagescommunities of practicememory systemssingle word studiesactivationsinterpreting activationslocalization vs. explanationecological validity
Information
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Cambridge Handbook of Language and Brain , pp. 310 - 338Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2025
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