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Chapter 31 - Computerised CBT Self-Help Approaches

from Part IV - Application of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy in Different Populations and Settings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2025

Jessica Davies ,
Paul Salkovskis  and
Kenneth Laidlaw
By
Bruno Kajiyama
Foreword by
Judith S. Beck
Jessica Davies
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Paul Salkovskis
Affiliation:
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust & University of Oxford
Kenneth Laidlaw
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Judith S. Beck
Affiliation:
Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy & University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

The chapter will help you to be able to describe computerised CBT and its evidence base to date and weigh up the benefits and costs of computerised CBT to both the provider and client

Keywords

cCBTefficacyAIDigital therapies

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Chapter
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Cambridge Guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) , pp. 369 - 375
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Further Reading

Klein, B, Proudfoot, J. Guided CBT Interventions using the Internet. In Bennett Levy J, Richards D, Farrand P, Christensen H, Griffiths K, Kavanagh D, et al. Oxford Guide to Low Intensity Interventions. Oxford: OUP; 2010.Google Scholar

References

Beck, AT, Rush, J, Shaw, BF, Emery, G. Cognitive Therapy of Depression. New York: Guilford Press; 1979.Google Scholar
Kaltenthaler, E, Brazier, J, De Nigris, E, Tumur, I, Ferriter, M, Beverley, C, et al. Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy for depression and anxiety update: A systematic review and economic evaluation. Health Technol Assess Winch Engl. 2006;10(33):iii–xi.Google ScholarPubMed
Gilbody, S, Littlewood, E, Hewitt, C, Brierley, G, Tharmanathan, P, Araya, R, et al. Computerised cognitive behaviour therapy (cCBT) as treatment for depression in primary care (REEACT trial): Large scale pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2015;351:h5627.10.1136/bmj.h5627CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brabyn, S, Araya, R, Barkham, M, Bower, P, Cooper, C, Duarte, A, et al. The second randomised evaluation of the effectiveness, cost-effectiveness and acceptability of computerised therapy (REEACT-2) trial: Does the provision of telephone support enhance the effectiveness of computer-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy? A randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess. 2016;20(89):1–64.10.3310/hta20890CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cuijpers, P, van Straten, A, van Schaik, A, Andersson, G. Psychological treatment of depression in primary care: A meta-analysis. Br J Gen Pract. 2009;59(559):e51–60.10.3399/bjgp09X395139CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, B, Proudfoot, J. Guided CBT Interventions using the internet. In: Bennett-Levy, J, Richards, D, Farrand, P, Christensen, H, Griffiths, K, Kavanagh, D, et al. (Eds.), Oxford Guide to Low Intensity CBT Interventions (pp. 225–264). Oxford: OUP; 2010.Google Scholar
Andrews, G, Davies, M, Titov, N. Effectiveness randomized controlled trial of face to face versus Internet cognitive behaviour therapy for social phobia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2011;45(4):337–340.10.3109/00048674.2010.538840CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McClay, CA, Waters, L, McHale, C, Schmidt, U, Williams, C. Online cognitive behavioral therapy for bulimic type disorders, delivered in the community by a nonclinician: qualitative study. J Med Internet Res. 2013;15(3):e2083.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aisbett, D, Boyd, CP, Francis, KJ, Newnham, K. Understanding barriers to mental health service utilization for adolescents in rural Australia. Rural Remote Health. 2007;7(1):1–10.Google ScholarPubMed
Palmqvist, B, Carlbring, P, Andersson, G. Internet-delivered treatments with or without therapist input: Does the therapist factor have implications for efficacy and cost? Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res. 2007;7(3):291–297.10.1586/14737167.7.3.291CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Frey, CB, Osborne, MA. The future of employment: How susceptible are jobs to computerisation? Technol Forecast Soc Change. 2017;114:254–280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fitzpatrick, KK, Darcy, A, Vierhile, M. Delivering cognitive behavior therapy to young adults with symptoms of depression and anxiety using a fully automated conversational agent (Woebot): A randomized controlled trial. JMIR Ment Health. 2017;4(2):e7785.10.2196/mental.7785CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bell, S, Wood, C, Sarkar, A. Perceptions of chatbots in therapy. CHI’19 Extended Abstracts, May 4–9, 2019, Glasgow, Scotland UK. https://advait.org/files/bell_2019_chatbots_therapy.pdf.10.1145/3290607.3313072CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kajiyama, B, Thompson, LW, Eto-Iwase, T, Yamashita, M, Di Mario, J, Marian Tzuang, Y, et al. Exploring the effectiveness of an internet-based program for reducing caregiver distress using the iCare Stress Management e-Training Program. Aging Ment Health. 2013;17(5):544–554.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hopkinson, MD, Reavell, J, Lane, DA, Mallikarjun, P. Cognitive behavioral therapy for depression, anxiety, and stress in caregivers of dementia patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Gerontologist. 2019;59(4):e343–62.10.1093/geront/gnx217CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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