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Chapter 10 - Anxiety Disorders

from Part III - Application and Adaptations for Mental Health Presentations

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 November 2025

Jessica Davies ,
Paul Salkovskis  and
Kenneth Laidlaw
Foreword by
Judith S. Beck
Jessica Davies
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Paul Salkovskis
Affiliation:
Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust & University of Oxford
Kenneth Laidlaw
Affiliation:
University of Exeter
Judith S. Beck
Affiliation:
Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy & University of Pennsylvania
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Summary

The chapter will help you to be able to describe the development of CBT approaches for anxiety disorders, explain how the four key factors influence the level of perceived threat from a cognitive perspective, and consider the comparative purposes of habituation, cognitive restructuring and behavioural experiments in treating anxiety disorders

Keywords

CBTevidenceanxietydisordersexposurevicious flower

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Chapter
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Cambridge Guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) , pp. 93 - 97
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Further Reading

Marks, I. Behavioral treatments of phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders: A critical appraisal. In: Michel Hersen, Peter Michael Miller, Richard Morton Eisler (eds), Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 1 (pp. 65–158). New York: Academic Press, Inc; 1975.Google Scholar
Clark, DM. Cognitive therapy for anxiety. Behav Cogn Psychother. 1986;14(4):283–294.10.1017/S0141347300014907CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salkovskis, PM. The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behav Cogn Psychother. 1991;19(1):6–19.10.1017/S0141347300011472CrossRefGoogle Scholar

References

National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Generalised anxiety disorder and panic disorder in adults: management [Internet]. 2020 Jun p. 47. Report No.: CG113. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg113/resources/generalised-anxiety-disorder-and-panic-disorder-in-adults-management-pdf-35109387756997.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. Social anxiety disorder: recognition, assessment and treatment [Internet]. 2013 May p. 39. Report No.: CG159. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/cg159/resources/social-anxiety-disorder-recognition-assessment-and-treatment-pdf-35109639699397.Google Scholar
Mowrer, OH. Two-factor learning theory: Summary and comment. Psychol Rev. 1951;58(5):350–354.10.1037/h0058956CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mowrer, OH. Learning Theory and Behavior. New York: Wiley; 1960.10.1037/10802-000CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolpe, J. Psychotherapy by reciprocal inhibition. Stanford: University Press; 1958.Google Scholar
Gillan, P, Rachman, SJ. An experimental investigation of desensitization in phobic patients. Br J Psychiatry. 1974;124(581):392–401.10.1192/bjp.124.4.392CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Marks, I. Behavioral treatments of phobic and obsessive-compulsive disorders: A critical appraisal. In: Michel Hersen, Peter Michael Miller, Richard Morton Eisler (eds), Progress in Behavior Modification, Volume 1 (pp. 65–158). New York: Academic Press; 1975.Google Scholar
Craske, MG, Barlow, DH. Mastery of your Anxiety and Panic: Therapist Guide. 4th ed. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007.Google Scholar
Hope, DA, Heimberg, RG, Turk, CL. Managing Social Anxiety, Therapist Guide: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2006.Google Scholar
Craske, MG, Antony, MM, Barlow, DH. Mastering Your Fears and Phobias: Therapist Guide. New Yorl: Oxford University Press; 2006.10.1093/med:psych/9780195189179.001.0001CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, R, Marks, I. Brief and prolonged flooding: A comparison in agoraphobic patients. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1973;28(2):270–276.10.1001/archpsyc.1973.01750320098015CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Mathews, AM, Gelder, MG, Johnston, DW. Agoraphobia, Nature and Treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 1981.Google Scholar
Grayson, JB, Foa, EB, Steketee, G. Habituation during exposure treatment: Distraction vs attention-focusing. Behav Res Ther. 1982;20(4):323–328.10.1016/0005-7967(82)90091-2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Craske, MG, Kircanski, K, Zelikowsky, M, Mystkowski, J, Chowdhury, N, Baker, A. Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46(1):5–27.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, AT, Emery, G, Greenberg, RL. Anxiety Disorders & Phobias. New York: Basic Books; 1985.Google Scholar
Salkovskis, PM, Forrester, E, Richards, C. Cognitive–behavioural approach to understanding obsessional thinking. Br J Psychiatry. 1998;173(S35):53–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clark, DM. Cognitive therapy for anxiety. Behav Cogn Psychother. 1986;14(4):283–294.10.1017/S0141347300014907CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salkovskis, PM. The importance of behaviour in the maintenance of anxiety and panic: A cognitive account. Behav Cogn Psychother. 1991;19(1):6–19.10.1017/S0141347300011472CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Salkovskis, PM, Hackmann, A, Wells, A, Gelder, MG, Clark, DM Belief disconfirmation versus habituation approaches to situational exposure in panic disorder with agoraphobia: A pilot study. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(5):877–885.10.1016/j.brat.2006.02.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Jessica Davies, University of Exeter, Paul Salkovskis, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust & University of Oxford, Kenneth Laidlaw, University of Exeter
  • Foreword by Judith S. Beck, Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy & University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Cambridge Guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  • Online publication: 18 November 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009090940.011
Available formats
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Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Jessica Davies, University of Exeter, Paul Salkovskis, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust & University of Oxford, Kenneth Laidlaw, University of Exeter
  • Foreword by Judith S. Beck, Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy & University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Cambridge Guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  • Online publication: 18 November 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009090940.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Anxiety Disorders
  • Jessica Davies, University of Exeter, Paul Salkovskis, Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust & University of Oxford, Kenneth Laidlaw, University of Exeter
  • Foreword by Judith S. Beck, Beck Institute for Cognitive Behavior Therapy & University of Pennsylvania
  • Book: Cambridge Guide to Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)
  • Online publication: 18 November 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009090940.011
Available formats
×