Chapter 7 elaborates on the extensive empirical corpus analysed in the preceding chapters. It reinforces the comparative points and clarifies the general patterns emerging in the book. It also expands our reflections on the meanings of modern transnational war volunteering, especially as seen through the conceptual lens of internationalism. The chapter presents conclusions regarding the ideological and organisational dynamics of transnational war volunteering as a left-wing political practice in the twentieth century. These findings open up new perspectives on mobilisation patterns pertaining to transnational volunteering, potentially moving the discussion away from top-down directives or impersonal indoctrination tools to a greater appreciation of the significance of contingency and horizontal influences shaping volunteer behaviour. Elaborating on these findings, the concluding chapter thus offers new conceptual registers to comprehend the phenomenon of left-wing war volunteering in the twentieth century.