Developed by B. F. Skinner, a prominent Harvard psychologist, operant conditioning distinguishes itself from classical conditioning by focusing on learned behaviours rather than reflexive responses. Skinner’s approach emphasises the impact of external environmental factors over internal psychological states in shaping behaviour. This perspective has been particularly influential in fields such as organisational management, where behaviour modification is often applied to improve workplace dynamics. The chapter further explores how operant conditioning can be utilised in management practices by using reinforcements such as pay raises and promotions to motivate employees. This method does not rely on the internal states like beliefs or motivations but rather on modifying the external environment to achieve desired behavioural outcomes. Overall, this chapter not only delves into the historical and theoretical foundations of operant conditioning but also discusses its practical applications in various settings, providing a thorough understanding of both its principles and utility.