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5 - The Environment

from Part II - External Factors

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 November 2025

Andrew R. Halloran
Affiliation:
Elgin Centre, Inc., Animal Care & Welfare, Vero Beach, Florida
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Summary

There is a critical role that environmental factors play in the thriving of animals. This chapter emphasises the distinction between natural and artificial environments and their respective impacts on animal welfare. It discusses the importance of habitat, the degree of physical movement possible, cognitive stimulation, social dynamics, and the intrinsic rewards that environments can provide. Further, it addresses the challenges and compensations associated with artificial environments. The narrative includes discussions on the limitations imposed by artificial settings and the innovative ways these can be mitigated to simulate natural habitats as closely as possible. The chapter concludes by stressing the importance of designing environments that cater to the specific needs of different animal species, thereby ensuring their psychological and physical thriving. The implications of these environmental factors are profound, suggesting that the well-being of animals is heavily influenced by the quality and design of their surroundings.

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Type
Chapter
Information
Animal Curation
The Science of Care and Welfare
, pp. 102 - 121
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Gotthard, K. and Nylin, S., 1995. Adaptive plasticity and plasticity as an adaptation: a selective review of plasticity in animal morphology and life history. Oikos, 74(1), pp. 317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
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Hintze, S. and Yee, J. R., 2023. Animals in flow – towards the scientific study of intrinsic reward in animals. Biological Reviews, 98(3), pp. 792806.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hughes, R. N., 1997. Intrinsic exploration in animals: motives and measurement. Behavioural Processes, 41(3), pp. 213226.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Osborne, S. R., 1977. The free food (contrafreeloading) phenomenon: a review and analysis. Animal Learning & Behavior, 5(3), pp. 221235.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schluter, D., 2000. The ecology of adaptive radiation. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, B. A., Walker, B., Dixon, A. E. and Walker, V. A., 1989. Physiological adaptation to the environment. Journal of Animal Science, 67(9), pp. 24262432.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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  • The Environment
  • Andrew R. Halloran, Elgin Centre, Inc., Animal Care & Welfare, Vero Beach, Florida
  • Book: Animal Curation
  • Online publication: 20 November 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009181525.010
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  • The Environment
  • Andrew R. Halloran, Elgin Centre, Inc., Animal Care & Welfare, Vero Beach, Florida
  • Book: Animal Curation
  • Online publication: 20 November 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009181525.010
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • The Environment
  • Andrew R. Halloran, Elgin Centre, Inc., Animal Care & Welfare, Vero Beach, Florida
  • Book: Animal Curation
  • Online publication: 20 November 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009181525.010
Available formats
×