Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-76c49bb84f-65mhm Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-07-08T21:48:28.199Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Bibliography

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 June 2025

Sali A. Tagliamonte
Affiliation:
University of Toronto
Get access

Information

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Aaron, J. E. (2010). Pushing the envelope: Looking beyond the variable context. Language Variation and Change 22(1): 136.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Adger, D. & Smith, J. (2005). Variation and the minimalist program. In Cornips, L. & Corrigan, K. (Eds.), Syntax and Variation: Reconciling the Biological and the Social. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 149178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Al-Wer, E., Horesh, U., Herin, B. & De Jong, R. (2022). Arabic Sociolinguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anthony, L. (2022). Ant Conc (version 4.2.0). [Corpus analysis toolkit for concordancing and text analysis]. Tokyo: Waseda University. www.antlab.sci.waseda.ac.jp/Google Scholar
Baayen, H. R. (2008). Analyzing Linguistic Data: A Practical Introduction to Statistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baayen, H. R., Davidson, D. & Bates, D. (2008). Mixed-effect modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language 59: 390412.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baayen, H. R., Janda, L. A., Nesset, T., Endresen, A. & Makarova, A. (2013). Making choices in Russian: Pros and cons of statistical methods for rival forms. Russian Linguistics 37(3): 253291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bailey, G., Cukor-Avila, P. & Salinas, J. (2022). Inheritance and Innovation in the Evolution of Rural African American English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ball, C. (1996). A diachronic study of relative markers in spoken and written English. Language Variation and Change 8(2): 227258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bates, D. (2005a). Fitting linear mixed models in R. R News 5(1): 2730.Google Scholar
Bates, D. (2005b). Package ‘lme4’: Linear Mixed-Effects Models Using S4 Classes (R package version 9.9975–7). http://lme4.r-forge.r-project.org/Google Scholar
Baugh, J. (1980). Black Street Speech: Its History, Structure and Survival. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Bayley, R. (2002). The quantitative paradigm. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, P. & Schilling-Estes, N. (Eds.), The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Blackwell Publishers: Malden and Oxford. 117141.Google Scholar
Beal, J., Corrigan, K. & Moisl, H. (Eds.) (2007a). Using Unconventional Digital Language Corpora. Vol. I: Synchronic Corpora. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Beal, J., Corrigan, K. & Moisl, H. (Eds.) (2007b). Using Unconventional Digital Language Corpora. Vol. II: Diachronic Corpora. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Limited.Google Scholar
Beals, K., Denton, J., Knippen, R., Melnar, L., Suzuki, H. & Zeinfeld, E. (Eds.) (1994). CLS 30: Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistic Society: The Paramession on Variation in Linguistic Theory. Chicago: Chicago Linguistic Society.Google Scholar
Bell, A. (1999). Styling the other to define the self: A study in New Zealand identity making. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3(4): 523541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biber, D. & Gray, B. (2013). Being specific about historical change: The influence of sub-register. Journal of English Linguistics 41(2): 104134.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1971). Inherent variability and variable rules. Foundations of Language 7(4): 457492.Google Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1973). On the nature of a creole continuum. Language 49(3): 640669.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bickerton, D. (1975). Dynamics of a Creole System. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Blake, R. (1997). Resolving the don’t count cases in the quantitative analyses of the copula in African American Vernacular English. Language Variation and Change 9(1): 5779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Breiman, L. (2001). Random forests. Machine Learning 45(1): 532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britain, D. (2002). Diffusion, levelling, simplification and reallocation in past tense BE in the English Fens. Journal of Sociolinguistics 6(1): 1643.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britain, D. & Rupp, L. (2024). Constraints on -s/zero verbal marking: new insights from Norwich. Language Variation and Change 36(2): 195217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brockington, G., Moreira, A. P. G., Buso, M. S., da Silva, S. G., Altszyler, E., Fischer, R. & Moll, J. B. (2021). Storytelling increases oxytocin and positive emotions and decreases cortisol and pain in hospitalized children. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America – PNAS 181(22). Article e2018409118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018409118Google Scholar
Brook, M., Konnelly, L., Jankowski, B. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2018). ‘I don’t come off as timid anymore’: Real time change in early adulthood against the backdrop of the community. Journal of Sociolinguistics 22(4), 351374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucholtz, M. (2002). Youth and cultural practice. Annual Review of Anthropology 31: 525552.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucholtz, M. (2005). Identity and interaction: A sociocultural linguistic approach. Discourse Studies 7(4/5): 585614.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bucholtz, M. (2011). White Kids: Language, Race and Styles of Youth Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Burnett, H., Tagliamonte, S. A. & Koopman, H. (2018). Soft syntax and the evolution of negative and polarity indefinites in the history of English. Language Variation and Change 30(1): 83107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cameron, D. (1990). Demythologizing sociolinguistics: Why language does not reflect society. In Joseph, J. E. & Taylor, T. J. (Eds.), Ideologies of Language. London and New York: Routledge. 7993.Google Scholar
Cedergren, H. J. & Sankoff, D. (1974). Variable rules: Performance as a statistical reflection of competence. Language 50(2): 333355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chambers, J. K. (2003). Sociolinguistic Theory: Linguistic Variation and Its Social Significance. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Chasteen, A. L. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2018–2020). Sociolinguistic and psychological impacts of language in later life. #430–2018–00026 [Research grant]. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council.Google Scholar
Cheshire, J. (1982). Variation in an English Dialect: A Sociolinguistic Study. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cheshire, J. (2005). Syntactic variation and beyond: Gender and social class variation in the use of discourse-new markers. Journal of Sociolinguistics 9(4): 479508.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cheshire, J., Kerswill, P., Fox, S. & Torgersen, E. (2011). Contact, the feature pool and the speech community: The emergence of Multicultural London English. Journal of Sociolinguistics 15(2): 151196.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Childs, C. & Cole, B. (2023). Supralocal or localized? Was/were variation in British English dialects. University of Pennsylvania Working Papers in Linguistics 29(2): 5969.Google Scholar
Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, S., Elms, F. & Youssef, A. (1995). The third dialect of English: Some Canadian evidence. Language Variation and Change 7(2): 209228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coetzee, A. W. & Pater, J. (2011). The place of variation in phonological theory. In Goldsmith, J. A., Riggle, J. & Yu, A. C. L. (Eds.), The Handbook of Phonological Theory, Second Edition. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 401434.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cornips, L. & Corrigan, K. (2002). Convergence and divergence in grammar. In Auer, P., Hinskens, F. & Kerswill, P. (Eds.), The Convergence and Divergence of Dialects in Contemporary Societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 96134.Google Scholar
Corrigan, K. P. (2020). Linguistic Communities and Migratory Processes. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coupland, N. & Jaworski, A. (1997). Introduction. In Coupland, N. & Jaworski, A. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics: A Reader. New York: St. Martin’s Press. 13.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cukor-Avila, P. (1995). The evolution of AAVE in a rural Texas community: An ethnolinguistic study. PhD dissertation, University of Michigan.Google Scholar
Cukor-Avila, P. (1999). Stativity and copula absence in AAVE: Grammatical constraints at the subcategorical level. Journal of English Linguistics 27(4): 341355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cukor-Avila, P. & Bailey, G. (1999). The effects of the race of the interviewer on sociolinguistic fieldwork. Journal of Sociolinguistics 5(2): 254270.Google Scholar
Curme, G. O. (1947). English Grammar. New York: Barnes and Noble.Google Scholar
D’Arcy, A. (2005). Like: Syntax and development. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
D’Arcy, A. (2011–2014). Victoria English: Its development and current state. Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). Research Grant (#410–2011–0219). http://individual.utoronto.ca/tagliamonte/Google Scholar
D’Arcy, A. (2017). Discourse-Pragmatic Variation in Context: 800 Years of LIKE. Amsterdam and New York: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denis, D., Gardner, M., Brook, M. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2019). Peaks and arrowheads of adolescent incrementation. Language Variation and Change 31(1): 4367.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Denis, D. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2017). The changing FUTURE: Competition, specialization and reorganization in the contemporary English future temporal reference system. English Language and Linguistics: 128.Google Scholar
Denison, D. (1998). Syntax. In Romaine, S. (Ed.), The Cambridge History of the English Language, 1776 – Present Day. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 92329.Google Scholar
Dion, N. (2023). A question of change: Putting five complementary measures to the test with French polar interrogatives. Language Variation and Change 35(3): 247271.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Downes, W. (1984). Language and Society. London: Fontana Press.Google Scholar
Eckert, P. (1988). Adolescent social structure and the spread of linguistic change. Language in Society 17(2): 183207.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Eckert, P. (2000). Language Variation as Social Practice. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Emirkanian, L. & Sankoff, D. (1985). Le futur simple et le futur périphrastique dans le français parlé. In Lemieux, M. & Cedergren, H. (Eds.), Le futur simple et le futur périphrastique dans le français parlé. Québec: Les Tendances Dynamiques du Français Parlé à Montréal. 189204.Google Scholar
Evans, N. & Travis, C. E. (2014–2022). Sydney Speaks: Language Variation and Change in a Diverse Society. ARC Centre of Excellence for the Dynamics of Language. https://legacy.dynamicsoflanguage.edu.au/stories/sydney_speaks.phpGoogle Scholar
Evans Wagner, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2019). What makes a panel study work? Researcher and participant in real time. In Evans Wagner, S. & Buchstaller, I. (Eds.), Panel Studies of Variation and Change. New York: Routledge. 213232.Google Scholar
Fang, C., Comery, A. & Carr, S. (2023). ‘They want you to know who they really are inside of the old visage’: Biographical storytelling as a methodological tool to explore emotional challenges in old age. BMC Geriatrics 23(1): 386–386.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fasold, R. (1972). Tense Marking in Black English: A Linguistic and Social Analysis. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Fasold, R. (1984). The Sociolinguistics of Society. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Fasold, R. (1990). Sociolinguistics of Language. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Feagin, C. (2002). Entering the community: Fieldwork. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, P. & Schilling-Estes, N. (Eds.), The Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 2039.Google Scholar
Franco, K. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2020). New -way(s) with -ward(s): Lexicalization, splitting and sociolinguistic patterns. Language Variation and Change 32(2): 217239.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Franco, K. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2022). The most stable it’s ever been: The preterit/present perfect alternation in spoken Ontario English. English Language and Linguistics 26(4): 779806.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fruehwald, J. G. & Hunt, Matt (Eds.) (2022). Linguistics Methods Hub. https://lingmethodshub.github.io/Google Scholar
Gadanidis, T., Hildebrand-Edgar, Nicole, Kiss, Angelika, Konnelly, Lex Pabst, K., Schlegl, L., Umbal, P. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2023). Integrating qualitative and quantitative analyses of stance: A case study of English that/zero variation. Language in Society 52(1): 2750CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gardner, M. H. (2016). Grammatical variation and change in Industrial Cape Breton. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Gardner, M. H. (2022). Gettin’ sociolinguistic data remotely. Linguistics Vanguard 10(s5): 119.Google Scholar
Gardner, M. H., Uffing, E., Van Vaeck, N. & Szmrecsanyi, B. (2021). Variation isn’t that hard: Morphosyntactic choice does not predict production difficulty. PLoS One 16(6): e0252602. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252602CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Godfrey, E. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (1999). Another piece for the verbal -s story: Evidence from Devon in Southwest England. Language Variation and Change 11(1): 87121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gries, S. T. (2009). Statistics for Linguistics with R. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gries, S. Th. (2020). On classification trees and random forests in corpus linguistics: Some words of caution and suggestions for improvement. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory. 16(3): 617647.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grondelaers, S., Speelman, D., Drieghe, D., Brysbaert, M. & Geeraerts, D. (2009). Introducing a new entity into discourse: Comprehension and production evidence for the status of Dutch er ‘there’ as a higher-level expectancy monitor. Acta Psychologica 130: 153160.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guy, G. R. (1980). Variation in the group and the individual: The case of final stop deletion. In Labov, W. (Ed.), Locating Language in Time and Space. New York: Academic Press. 136.Google Scholar
Guy, G. R. (1988). Advanced VARBRUL analysis. In Ferrara, K., Brown, B., Walters, K. & Baugh, J. (Eds.), Linguistic Change and Contact. Austin: Department of Linguistics, University of Texas at Austin. 124136.Google Scholar
Guy, G. R. (1991). Explanation in variable phonology: An exponential model of morphological constraints. Language Variation and Change 3(1): 122.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Guy, G. R. (1993). The quantitative analysis of linguistic variation. In Preston, D. (Ed.), American Dialect Research. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 223249.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hawkins, J. (2004). Efficiency and Complexity in Grammars. Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hay, J. (2011). Statistical analysis. In Di Paolo, M. & Yaeger-Dror, M. (Eds.), Sociophonetics: A Student’s Guide. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Hayes, B. (2022). Deriving the wug-shaped curve: A criterion for assessing formal theories of linguistic variation. Annual Review of Linguistics 8(474–494): 1735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hoenigswald, H. M. (1960). Language Change and Linguistic Reconstruction. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hopper, P. J. (1991). On some principles of grammaticization. In Traugott, E. C. & Heine, B. (Eds.), Approaches to Grammaticalization. Vol. I: Focus on Theoretical and Methodological Issues. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 1735.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hopper, P. J. & Traugott, E. C. (1993). Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Horvath, B. M. (1985). Variation in Australian English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Horvath, B. M. & Horvath, R. J. (2003). A closer look at the constraint hierarchy: Order, contrast, and geographical scale. Language Variation and Change 15(2): 143170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hothorn, T., Hornik, K. & Zeileis, A. (2006). Unbiased recursive partitioning: A conditional inference framework. Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics 15: 651674.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hundt, M. & Mair, C. (1999). ‘Agile’ and ‘uptight’ genres: The corpus-based approach to language change in progress. International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 4(2): 221242.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ito, R. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2002). Well weird, right dodgy, really strange: Layering and recycling in English intensifiers. Language in Society 32(2): 257279.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jaeger, T. F. (2008). Categorical data analysis: Away from ANOVAs (transformation or not) and towards logit mixed models. Emerging Data Analysis. Special issue of Journal of Memory and Language 59(4): 434446.Google ScholarPubMed
Jankowski, B. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2017). A lost Canadian dialect: The Ottawa Valley 1975–2013. In Säily, T., Nurmi, A., Palander-Collin, M. & Auer, A. (Eds.), Exploring Future Paths for Historical Sociolinguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 239274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jespersen, O. H. (1909/1949). A Modern English Grammar on Historical Principles. Part VI: Morphology. London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.Google Scholar
Johnson, D. E. (2009). Getting off the GoldVarb standard: Introducing Rbrul for mixed effects variable rule analysis. Language and Linguistics Compass 3(1): 359383.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnson, D. E. (2010). Rbrul Manual. www.danielezrajohnson.com/Rbrul.RGoogle Scholar
Jones, M. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2004). From Somerset to Samaná: Pre-verbal did in the voyage of English. Language Variation and Change 16(2): 93126.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
José, B. (2007). Appalachian English in southern Indiana: The evidence from verbal -s. Language Variation and Change 19(3): 249280.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Joseph, B. (2020). Historical linguistics in the 50 years since Weinreich, Labov, and Herzog (1968). In Boas, H. & Pierce, M. (Eds.), New Directions in Historical Linguistics. Leiden: Brill. 153173.Google Scholar
Kachru, B. B. (Ed.) (1992). The Other Tongue: English across Cultures. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Kara, B., Khan, S. u. D. & Zimman, L. (2022). Beyond binary gender: Creaky voice, gender, and the variationist enterprise. Language Variation and Change 34(2): 215238.Google Scholar
Kay, P. (1978). Variable rules, community grammar, and linguistic change. In Sankoff, D. (Ed.), Linguistic Variation: Models and Methods. New York: Academic Press. 7183.Google Scholar
Kay, P. & McDaniel, C. (1979). On the logic of variable rules. Language in Society 8(2): 151187.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kerswill, P., Torgersen, E. N. & Fox, S. (2008). Reversing ‘drift’: Innovation and diffusion in the London diphthong system. Language Variation and Change 20(3): 451491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kortmann, B. (2002). New prospects for the study of English dialect syntax: Impetus from syntactic theory and language typology. In Barbiers, S., Cornips, L. & van der Kleij, S. (Eds.), Syntactic Microvariation. Amsterdam: Meertens Institute. 185213.Google Scholar
Kroch, A. S. (1989). Reflexes of grammar in patterns of language change. Language Variation and Change 1(3): 199244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kroch, A. S. (1994). Morphosyntactic variation. In Beals, K., Denton, J., Knippen, R., Melnar, L., Suzuki, H. & Zeinfeld, E. (Eds.), Papers from the 30th Regional Meeting of the Chicago Linguistics Society. Vol. II: The Parasession on Variation and Linguistic Theory. Chicago: Chicago Linguistics Society. 180201.Google Scholar
Krug, M. (1998). Gotta: The tenth central modal in English? Social, stylistic and regional variation in the British National Corpus as evidence of ongoing grammaticalization. In Lindquist, H., Klintborg, S., Levin, M. & Estling, M. (Eds.), The Major Varieties of English. Växjö: Växjö University. 177191.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1963). The social motivation of a sound change. Word 19: 273309.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (1966). The Social Stratification of English in New York City. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1969a). Contraction, deletion, and inherent variability of the English copula. Language 45(4): 715762.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (1969b). The logic of non-standard English. In Alatis, J. (Ed.), Report of the 20th Annual Round Table Meeting on Linguistics and Language Studies. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 144.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1970). The study of language in its social context. Studium Generale 23(1): 3087.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1971). Some principles of linguistic methodology. Language in Society 1(1): 97120.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (1972a). The design of a sociolinguistic research project. Ms. Central Institute of Indian Languages, Mysore.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972b). Language in the Inner City. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972c). The social motivation of a sound change. In Labov, W. (Ed.), The Social Motivation of a Sound Change. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 142.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1972d). Sociolinguistic Patterns. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1973a). The linguistic consequences of being a lame. Language in Society 2(1): 81115.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (1973b). Sample questionnaire used by the Project on Linguistic Change and Variation. Ms. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1982). Building on empirical foundations. In Lehmann, W. P. & Malkiel, Y. (Eds.), Perspectives on Historical Linguistics. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 1792.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (1984). Field methods of the project on linguistic change and variation. In Baugh, J. & Sherzer, J. (Eds.), Language in Use: Readings in Sociolinguistics. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. 2854.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (1994). Principles of Linguistic Change. Vol. I: Internal Factors. Cambridge and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (2001). Principles of Linguistic Change: Social Factors. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (2008). Quantitative reasoning in linguistics. Linguistics 563: 125. University of Pennsylvania: www.ling.upenn.edu/~wlabov/Papers/QRL.pdf.Google Scholar
Labov, W. (2010). Principles of Linguistic Change. Vol. III: Cognitive and Cultural Factors. Malden and Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (2013). The Language of Life and Death: The Transformation of Experience in Oral Narrative. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. (2019). What has been built on empirical foundations. In Boas, H. C. & Pierce, M. (Eds.), New Directions for Historical Linguistics. Leiden: The Netherlands. 4257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W., Cohen, P., Robins, C. & Lewis, J. (1968). Contrasting Patterns of Code-Switching in Two. Philadelphia: US Regional Survey.Google Scholar
Labov, W. & Sankoff, G. (2023). Conversations with Strangers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Labov, W. & Waletzky, J. (1967). Narrative analysis: Oral versions of personal experience. In Helm, J. (Ed.), Essays on the Verbal and Visual Arts. Seattle: University of Washington Press. 1244.Google Scholar
Lavandera, B. R. (1978). Where does the sociolinguistic variable stop? Language in Society 7(2): 171183.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lavandera, B. R. (1982). Le principe de réinterprétation dans la théorie de la variation. In Dittmar, N. & Schlieben-Lange, B. (Eds.), Die Soziolinguistik in Romanischprachigen Ländern/La sociolinguistique dans les pays de langue romane. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag. 8795.Google Scholar
Levshina, N. (2015). How to Do Linguistics with R: Data Exploration and Statistical Analysis. Amsterdam and New York: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Linde, C. (1993). Life Stories. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Macaulay, R. K. S. (1991). ‘Coz it izny spelt when they say it’: Displaying dialect in writing. American Speech 66(3): 280291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mallinson, C. & Childs, B. (2007). Communities of practice in sociolinguistic description: Analying language and identity practices among black women in Appalachia. Gender and Language 1(2): 173206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, S. & Wolfram, W. (1998). The sentence in African-American Vernacular English. In Mufwene, S., Rickford, J., Bailey, G. & Baugh, J. (Eds.), African-American English. London and New York: Routledge. 1136.Google Scholar
Meechan, M. & Foley, M. (1994). On resolving disagreement: Linguistic theory and variation – There’s bridges. Language Variation and Change 6(1): 6385.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meillet, A. (1967). The Comparative Method in Historical Linguistics. Paris: Librairie Honoré Champion.Google Scholar
Mendoza-Denton, N. (2008). Homegirls: Language and Cultural Practice among Latina Youth Gangs. Malden and Oxford: Wiley.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Meyerhoff, M. (2013). Introducing Sociolinguistics. London and New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Meyerhoff, M., Adachi, C. & Nanbakhsh, G. (2012). Sociolinguistic fieldwork. In Thiebeger, N. (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Linguistic Fieldwork. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 121146.Google Scholar
Miller, S. T. (2018), ‘Mixed effects modeling tips: use a fast optimizer, but perform optimizer checks’ [blog post in R]. https://svmiller.com/blog/2018/06/mixed-effects-models-optimizer-checks/ [accessed 22 January 2024, 12:14 pm].Google Scholar
Milroy, J. (1992). Linguistic Variation and Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. & Milroy, L. (1993). Real English: The Grammar of English Dialects in the British Isles. New York: Longman.Google Scholar
Milroy, L. (1980). Language and Social Networks. Baltimore: University Park Press.Google Scholar
Milroy, L. (1987). Observing and Analysing Natural Language. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Milroy, L. & Gordon, M. (2003). Sociolinguistics: Method and Interpretation. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moore, E. (2011). Interaction between social category and social practice: Explaining was/were variation. Language Variation and Change 22(3): 347371.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mougeon, R. & Beniak, E. (1989). Language contraction and linguistic change: The case of Welland French. In Dorian, N. C. (Ed.), Investigating Obsolescence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 287312.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, L. (1795/1968). English Grammar. Menston: Scolar Press.Google Scholar
Needle, J. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2024). Orderly obsolescence: The decline of /hw/ in Ontario. American Speech 99(3): 300329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Neu, H. (1980). Ranking of constraints on /t,d/ deletion in American English: A statistical analysis. In Labov, W. (Ed.), Locating Language in Time and Space. New York: Academic Press. 3754.Google Scholar
Nevalainen, T. (1997). The processes of adverb derivation in Late Middle and Early Modern English. In Rissanen, M., Kytö, M. & Heikkonen, K. (Eds.), Grammaticalization at Work: Studies of Long-Term Developments in English. Berlin and New York: Mouton de Gruyter. 145189.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nevalainen, T. & Raumolin-Brunberg, H. (2003). Historical Sociolinguistics: Language Change in Tudor and Stuart England. London: Pearson Education.Google Scholar
Pabst, K. (2022). Putting “the Other Maine” on the map: Language variation, local affiliation, and cooccurrence in Aroostook County English. PhD dissertation, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Pabst, K., Brunet, S., Chasteen, A. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (in press). Tracking language change in real time: Challenges for community-based research in the 21st century. In Wagner, S. & Stange-Hundsdörfer, U. (Eds.), (Dia)lects in the 21st century: Selected papers from Methods in Dialectology XVII. Mainz, Germany: Language Science Press. 235–251.Google Scholar
Paolillo, J. (2002). Analyzing Linguistic Variation: Statistical Models and Methods. Stanford, CA: CSLI Publications.Google Scholar
Paolillo, J. (2013). Individual effects in variation analysis: Model, software, and research design. Language Variation and Change 25(1): 89118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paolillo, J. C. (2011). Independence claims in linguistics. Language Variation and Change 23(2): 257274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paolillo, J. C. (2017). Logistic regression analysis of linguistic data. In Boberg, C., Nerbonne, J. & Watt, D. (Eds.), Handbook of Dialectology. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. 384399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Paradis, C. (1996). Interactional conditioning of linguistic heterogeneity. In Guy, G. R., Feagin, C., Schiffrin, D. & Baugh, J. (Eds.), Towards a Social Science of Language. Vol. II: Social Interaction and Discourse Structures. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 115133.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Payne, A. C. (1976). The acquisition of the phonological system of a second dialect. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Pichler, H. (2013). The Structure of Discourse-Pragmatic Variation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pintzuk, S. (1995). Variation and change in Old English clause structure. Language Variation and Change 7(2): 229260.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Podesva, R., D’Onofrio, A., Van Hofwegen, J. & Kim, S. K. (2015). Country ideology and the California vowel shift. Language Variation and Change 27(2): 157186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. (1979). Function and process in a variable phonology. PhD dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. (1980). Sometimes I’ll start a sentence in Spanish Y TERMINO EN ESPAÑOL: Toward a typology of code-switching. Linguistics 18(7/8): 581618.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. (1987). Contrasting patterns of code-switching in two communities. In Wande, E., Anward, J., Nordberg, B., Steensland, L. & Thelander, M. (Eds.), Contrasting Patterns of Code-Switching in Two Communities. Aspects of Bilingualism: Proceedings from the Fourth Nordic Symposium on Bilingualism, 1984. Borgström, Motala: Uppsala. 5176.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. (1989). The care and handling of a megacorpus: The Ottawa-Hull French Project. In Fasold, R. & Schiffrin, D. (Eds.), Language Change and Variation. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 411444.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. (1993). Variation theory and language contact. In Preston, D. (Ed.), Variation Theory and Language Contact. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 251286.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. (Ed.) (2000). The English History of African American English. Malden: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. (2018). Categories of grammar and categories of speech: When the quest for symmetry meets inherent variability. In Shin, N. L. & Erker, D. (Eds.), Questioning Primitives in Linguistic Theory. Amsterdam and New York: John Benjamins. 734.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. (2022). Data management at the Ottawa sociolinguistics laboratory. In Berez-Kroeker, A. L., McDonnel, B., Koller, E. & Collister, L. B. (Eds.), The Open Handbook of Linguistic Data Management. Boston: The MIT Press. 209220.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Dion, N. (2009). Prescription vs praxis: The evolution of future temporal reference in French. Language 85(3): 557587.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Dion, N. (2021). Cartographie de la variation et du changement morphosyntaxique en fançais: leçons á retenir. Cahier Internationaux de Sociolinguistic 18 (Numéro thématique: Les francophonies et la variation): 81113.Google Scholar
Poplack, S., Jarmasz, L.-B., Dion, N. & Rosen, N. (2015). Searching for standard French: The construction and mining of the Recueil historique des grammaies du français. Journal of Historical Sociolinguistics 1(1): 1355.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S., Lealess, A. & Dion, N. (2013). The evolving grammar of the French subjunctive. Probus 25(1): 139193.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Levey, S. (2010). Contact-induced grammatical change. In Auer, P. & Schmidt, J. E. (Eds.), Language and Space: An International Handbook of Linguistic Variation. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 391419.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. & Meechan, M. (1998). Introduction: How languages fit together in codemixing. Special issue of Journal of Bilingualism 2(2): 127138.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (1989). There’s no tense like the present: Verbal -s inflection in Early Black English. Language Variation and Change 1(1): 4784.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (1991a). African American English in the diaspora: Evidence from old-line Nova Scotians. Language Variation and Change 3(3): 301339.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (1991b). There’s no tense like the present: Verbal -s inflection in early Black English. In Bailey, G., Maynor, N. & Cukor-Avila, P. (Eds.), The Emergence of Black English: Text and Commentary. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 275324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (1994). -S or nothing: Marking the plural in the African American diaspora. American Speech 69(3): 227259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (1998). Nothing in context: Variation, grammaticization and past time marking in Nigerian Pidgin English. In Baker, P. & Syea, A. (Eds.), Changing Meanings, Changing Functions: Papers Relating to Grammaticalization in Contact Languages. London: University of Westminster Press. 7194.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (1999). The grammaticalization of going to in (African American) English. Language Variation and Change 11(3): 315342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2001). African American English in the Diaspora: Tense and Aspect. Malden: Blackwell Publishers.Google Scholar
Poplack, S. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2005). Back to the present: Verbal -s in the (African American) diaspora. In Hickey, R. (Ed.), Transported Dialects: The Legacies of Non-standard Colonial English. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 203223.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Poplack, S., Tagliamonte, S. A. & Eze, E. (2000). Reconstructing the source of Early African American English plural marking: A comparative study of English and creole. In Poplack, S. (Ed.), The English History of African American English. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell. 73105.Google Scholar
Poplack, S., Van Herk, G. & Harvie, D. (2002). ‘Deformed in the dialects’: An alternative history of non-standard English. In Trudgill, P. & Watts, R. (Eds.), Alternative Histories of English. New York: Routledge. 87110.Google Scholar
Preston, D. R. (1985). The Li’l Abner syndrome: Written representations of speech. American Speech 60(4): 328336.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, D. R. (1989). Perceptual Dialectology. Dordrecht: Foris.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, D. R. (1999). Handbook of Perceptual Dialectology, Vol. I. Amsterdam and New York: John Benjamins.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, D. R. (2000). Mowr and mowr bayud spellin’: Confessions of a sociolinguist. Journal of Sociolinguistics 4(4): 614621.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Quirk, R. (1957). Relative clauses in educated spoken English. English Studies 38: 97109.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rand, D. & Sankoff, D. (1990). GoldVarb: A Variable Rule Application for the Macintosh. Montreal: Centre de recherches mathématiques, Université de Montréal.Google Scholar
Rickford, J. R. (1975). Carrying the new wave into syntax: The case of Black English bin. In Fasold, R. & Shuy, R. (Eds.), Analyzing Variation in Language. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 162183.Google Scholar
Rickford, J. R. (1999). African American Vernacular English. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell.Google Scholar
Rickford, J. R. & Price, M. (2013). Girlz II women: Age-grading, language change and stylistic variation. Journal of Sociolinguistics 17(2): 143179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Roberts, I. & Roussou, A. (2003). Syntactic Change: A Minimalist Approach to Grammaticalization. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rodríguez Louro, C. & Collard, G. (2021). Working together: Sociolinguistic research in urban Aboriginal Australia. Journal of Sociolinguistics, 25(5), 785807.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Robinson, J., Lawrence, H. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2001). Goldvarb 2001 [Computer Program]. Department of Language and Linguistic Science, University of York. www.york.ac.uk/depts/lang/webstuff/goldvarb/.Google Scholar
Rupp, L. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2017). This here town: Evidence for the development of the English determiner system from a vernacular demonstrative construction in York English. English Language and Linguistics 23(1): 81103.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rupp, L. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2019). ‘They used to follow Ø river’: The zero article in York English. Journal of English Linguistics 47(4): 279300.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rupp, L. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2022). Loss and emergence: (Double) demonstratives and indefinite this in Ontario dialects. Journal of Pragmatics 189: 6678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, D. (1978). Probability and linguistic variation. Synthèse 37: 217238.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, D. (1982). Sociolinguistic method and linguistic theory. In Cohen, L. J., Los, J., Pfeiffer, H. & Podewski, K. P. (Eds.), Logic, Methodology, Philosophy of Science VI. Amsterdam: North Holland. 677689.Google Scholar
Sankoff, D. (1988a). Problems of representativeness. In Ammon, U., Dittmar, N. & Mattheier, K. J. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 899903.Google Scholar
Sankoff, D. (1988b). Sociolinguistics and syntactic variation. In Newmeyer, F. J. (Ed.), Linguistics: The Cambridge Survey. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 140161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, D. (1988c). Variable rules. In Ammon, U., Dittmar, N. & Mattheier, K. J. (Eds.), Sociolinguistics: An International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society, Vol. II. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. 984997.Google Scholar
Sankoff, D. & Labov, W. (1979). On the uses of variable rules. Language in Society 8(2): 189222.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, D. & Rousseau, P. (1979). Categorical contexts and variable rules. In Jacobson, S. (Ed.), Papers from the Scandinavian Symposium on Syntactic Variation, Stockholm, May 18–19, 1979. Stockholm: Almqvist and Wiksell. 722.Google Scholar
Sankoff, D. & Rousseau, P. (1989). Statistical evidence for rule ordering. Language Variation and Change 1(1): 118.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, D. & Sankoff, G. (1973). Sample survey methods and computer-assisted analysis in the study of grammatical variation. In Darnell, R. (Ed.), Canadian Languages in Their Social Context. Edmonton: Linguistic Research Inc. 763.Google Scholar
Sankoff, D., Tagliamonte, S. A. & Smith, E. (2005). Goldvarb X [Computer program]. In Sankoff, D., Tagliamonte, S. A. & Smith, E. (Eds.), Secondary Goldvarb X. Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada. http://individual.utoronto.ca/tagliamonte/Goldvarb/GV_index.htm.Google Scholar
Sankoff, D. & Thibault, P. (1981). Weak complementarity: Tense and aspect in Montreal French. In Johns, B. B. & Strong, D. R. (Eds.), Syntactic Change. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 205216.Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. (1973). Above and beyond phonology in variable rules. In Bailey, C.-J. N. & Shuy, R. W. (Eds.), New Ways of Analyzing Variation in English. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. 4462.Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. (1974). A quantitative paradigm for the study of communicative competence. In Bauman, R. & Sherzer, J. (Eds.), Explorations in the Ethnography of Speaking. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1849.Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. (1980a). A quantitative paradigm for the study of communicative competence. In Sankoff, G. (Ed.), The Social Life of Language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 4779.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. (Ed.) (1980b). The Social Life of Language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. (2005). Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in sociolinguistics. In Ammoon, U., Dittmar, N., Mattheier, K. J. & Trudgill, P. (Eds.), International Handbook of the Science of Language and Society. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. 10031013.Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. (2006). Apparent time and real time. In Brown, K. (Ed.), Elsevier Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Amsterdam: Elsevier. 110116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. (2019). Language change across the lifespan: Three trajectory types. Language 95(2): 197229.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. & Cedergren, H. (1972a). Sociolinguistic research on French in Montreal. Language in Society 1(1): 173174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. & Cedergren, H. (1972b). Some results of a sociolinguistic study of Montreal French. In Darnell, R. (Ed.), Linguistic Diversity in Canadian Society. Edmonton: Linguistic Research, Inc. 6187.Google Scholar
Sankoff, G. & Laberge, S. (1980). On the acquisition of native speakers by a language. In Sankoff, G. (Ed.), The Social Life of Language. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. 105209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sankoff, G. & Thibault, P. (1980). The alternation between the auxiliaries avoir and être in Montréal French. In Sankoff, G. (Ed.), The Social Life of Language. Philadelphia: University of Philadelphia Press. 311345.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schilling, N. (2013). Sociolinguistic Fieldwork. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shuy, R. W. (1983). Unexpected by-products of fieldwork. American Speech 58(4): 345358.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shuy, R. W., Wolfram, W. & Riley, W. (1968). Field Techniques in an Urban Language Study. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Sigley, R. (2003). The importance of interaction effects. Language Variation and Change 15(2): 227253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, J. (2000). Synchrony and diachrony in the evolution of English: Evidence from Scotland. D.Phil. dissertation, University of York.Google Scholar
Smith, J. (2001). Ye ø na hear that kind o’ things: Negative do in Buckie. English World-Wide 21(2): 231259.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sneller, B. & Bernnhardt, A. (2023). Sociolinguistic prompts in the 21st century: Uniting past approaches and current directions. Language and Linguistics Compass 17(3). Article e12484. https://doi.org/10.1111/lnc3.12484CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, J. (2012). One size fits all? Dialectometry in a small clan-based indigenous society. Language Variation and Change 24(2): 247278.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanford, J. (2023). Variationist quantitative methods in Indigenous language communities: Invited commentary on The Dynamics of Bilingualism in Language Shift Ecologies by Lenore Grenoble and Boris Osipov. Linguistic Approaches to Bilingualism 13(1): 106111.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Starr, R. L. (2019). Attitudes and exposure as predictors of -t/d deletion among local and expatriate children in Singapore. Language Variation and Change 31(3): 251274.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Swan, M. (1995). Practical English Usage. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Szmrecsanyi, B. (2016). About text frequencies in historical linguistics: Disentangling environmental and grammatical change. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory 12(1): 153171.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szmrecsanyi, B. & Grafmiller, J. (2023). Comparative Variation Analysis: Syntactic Variation in World Englishes. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szmrecsanyi, B. & Wälchli, B. (Eds.) (2014). Aggregating Dialectology, Typology, and Register Analysis: Linguistic Variation in Text and Speech. Berlin: de Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Szmrecsanyi, B., Grafmiller, J., Bresnan, J., Rosenbach, A., Tagliamonte, S. A. & Todd, S. (2017). Spoken syntax in a comparative perspective: The dative and genitive alternation in native vernaculars of English. Glossa: A Journal of General Linguistics 86: 127.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (1996–1998). Roots of Identity: Variation and Grammaticization in Contemporary British English. Research Grant (R000221842), Economic and Social Sciences Research Council (ESRC) of Great Britain.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (1998). Was/were variation across the generations: View from the city of York. Language Variation and Change 10(2): 153191.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2002). Comparative sociolinguistics. In Chambers, J. K., Trudgill, P. & Schilling-Estes, N. (Eds.), Handbook of Language Variation and Change. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell. 729763.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2003–2006). Linguistic Changes in Canada Entering the 21st Century. Research Grant (#410–2003–0005). Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC). http://individual.utoronto.ca/tagliamonte/. http://individual.utoronto.ca/tagliamonte/.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2004). Someth[in]’s go[ing] on!: Variable (ing) at ground zero. In Gunnarsson, B.-L., Bergström, L., Eklund, G., Fidell, S., Hansen, L. H., Karstadt, A., Nordberg, B., Sundergren, E. & Thelander, M. (Eds.), Language Variation in Europe: papers from the Second International Conference on Language Variation in Europe, ICLAVE 2. Uppsala: Dept. of Scandinavian Languages, Uppsala University. 390403.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2006a). Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2006b). ‘So cool, right?’: Canadian English entering the 21st century. Canadian English in a Global Context. Special issue of Canadian Journal of Linguistics 51(2/3): 309331.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2007–2010). Directions of Change in Canadian English. Research Grant (#410 070 048). Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC).Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2010–2013). Transmission and Diffusion in Canadian English. Standard Research Grant (#410–101–129). Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC).Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2012a). Comparative sociolinguistics. In Chambers, J. K. & Schilling-Estes, N. (Eds.), Handbook of Language Variation and Change, 2nd ed. Malden and Oxford: Blackwell Publishers. 128156.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2012b). Variationist Sociolinguistics: Change, Observation, Interpretation. Malden and Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2013). Roots of English: Exploring the History of Dialects. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2015). Roots and branches in the history of English. Plenary presentation at the International Conference on Historical Linguistics (ICHL) 22. Naples, Italy. 27–31 July 2015.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2016a). Making Waves: The History of Variationist Sociolinguistics. Malden and New York: Wiley-Blackwell.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2016b). Teen Talk: The Language of Adolescents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2018). Beyond go slow and think quick: The suffixless adverb in North America. Paper presented at the American Dialect Society Annual Meeting, Salt Lake City, Utah, 4–7 January 2018.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2018–2024). Language Change and Social Change in the Early 21st Century: Canadian English 2002 to 2020. Research Grant (#435–2019–0053). Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRCC).Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2019–2020). My story in history: A highschool study of Toronto adolescents. Ms. Linguistics Department, University of Toronto.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. (2021). Wait, it’s a new discourse marker! English at the frontiers of change. Paper presented at the University of Tarttu, Estonia, 2 March.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Baayen, H. R. (2012). Models, forests and trees of York English: Was/were variation as a case study for statistical practice. Language Variation and Change 24(2): 135178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Brooke, J. (2014). A weird (language) tale: Variation and change in the adjectives of strangeness. American Speech 89(1): 441.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & D’Arcy, A. (2007). Frequency and variation in the community grammar: Tracking a new change through the generations. Language Variation and Change 19(2): 119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A., Durham, M. & Smith, J. (2014). Grammaticalization at an early stage: Future ‘be going to’ in conservative British dialects. English Language and Linguistics 18(1): 75108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A., D’Arcy, A. & Rodriguez Louro, C. (2016). Outliers, impact and rationalization in linguistic change. Language 92(4): 824849.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Hudson, R. (1999). Be like et al. beyond America: The quotative system in Canadian and UK youth. Journal of Sociolinguistics 3(2): 147172.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Jankowski, B. (2023). Doubled subjects in spoken English: Insights from sociolinguistic typology. Language Variation and Change 35(3): 299324.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Molfenter, S. (2007). How’d you get that accent? Acquiring a second dialect of the same language. Language in Society 36(5): 649675.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A., Molfenter, S. & King, M. (2004). Taking it to the streets! A sociolinguistic survey of old-line Toronto. Paper presented at New Ways of Analyzing Variation (NWAV) 33, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1 October 2004.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Pabst, K. (2020). A cool comparison: Adjectives of positive evaluation in Toronto, Canada and York, England. Journal of English Linguistics 48(1): 330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Poplack, S. (1988). How Black English past got to the present: Evidence from Samaná. Language in Society 17(4): 513533.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Poplack, S. (1993). The zero-marked verb: Testing the creole hypothesis. Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 8(2): 171206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Roeder, R. V. (2009). Variation in the English definite article: Socio-historical linguistic in t’speech community. Journal of Sociolinguistics 13(4): 435471.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Smith, J. (2000). Old was; new ecology: Viewing English through the sociolinguistic filter. In Poplack, S. (Ed.), The English History of African American English. Oxford and Malden: Blackwell. 141171.Google Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Smith, J. (2005). No momentary fancy! The zero ‘complementizer’ in English dialects. English Language and Linguistics 9(2): 121.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Smith, J. (2021). Obviously undergoing change: Adverbs of evidentiality in the UK and Canada over 100 years. Language Variation and Change 33(1): 125.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A., Smith, J. & Lawrence, H. (2005a). English dialects in the British Isles in cross-variety perspective: A base-line for future research. In Filppula, M., Klemola, J., Palander, M. & Penttilä, E. (Eds.), Dialects across Borders: Selected Papers from the 11th International Conference on Methods in Dialectology, Joensuu, August 2002. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 87117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A., Smith, J. & Lawrence, H. (2005b). No taming the vernacular! Insights from the relatives in northern Britain. Language Variation and Change 17(2): 75112.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tagliamonte, S. A. & Temple, R. (2005). New perspectives on an ol’ variable: (t,d) in British English. Language Variation and Change 17(3): 281302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. (1994). The change from SOV to SVO in Ancient Greek. Language Variation and Change 6(1): 137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taylor, A. (2007). The York-Toronto-Helsinki parsed corpus of Old English Prose. In Beal, J., Corrigan, K. & Moisl, H. (Eds.), Using Unconventional Digital Language Corpora. Vol. II: Diachronic Corpora. Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan Limited. 196227.Google Scholar
Thompson, S. & Mulac, A. (1991a). The discourse conditions for the use of the complementizer that in conversational English. Journal of Pragmatics 15: 237251.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thompson, S. & Mulac, A. (1991b). A quantitative perspective on the grammaticization of epistemic parentheticals in English. In Traugott, E. C. & Heine, B. (Eds.), Approaches to Grammaticalization. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 313329.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres Cacoullos, R. & Traviis, C. E. (2021). Alternating or mixing languages? In Perez, D., Hundt, M., Kbatek, J. & Schreier, D. (Eds.), English and Spanish: World Languages in Interaction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 287311.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Torres Cacoullos, R. & Travis, C. E. (2019). Variationist typology: Shared probabilistic constraints across (non-)null subject languages. Linguistics 57(3): 653692.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, P. J. (1974). The Social Differentiation of English in Norwich. Cambridge: University of Cambridge Press.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. J. (Ed.) (1978). Sociolinguistic Patterns in British English. London: Edward Arnold.Google Scholar
Trudgill, P. J. (1999). New-dialect formation and dedialectalisation: Embryonic and vestigal variants. Journal of English Linguistics 27(4): 319327.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, P. J. (2000). Sociolinguistics and sociolinguistics once again. Sociolinguistica 14: 5559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trudgill, P. J. (2011). Sociolinguistic Typology: Social Determinants of Linguistic Complexity. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
van de Velde, H. & van Hout, R. (1998). Dangerous aggregations: A case study of Dutch (n) deletion. In Paradis, C. (Ed.), Papers in Sociolinguistics. Québec: Nuits Blanches. 137147.Google Scholar
Van Herk, G. (2012). What Is Sociolinguistics? Malden and Oxford: Wiley Blackwell.Google Scholar
Wagner, S. E. & Tagliamonte, S. A. (2018). What makes a panel study work? Researcher and participant in real time. In Evans Wagner, S. & Buchstaller, I. (Eds.), Panel Studies of Variation and Change. New York: Routledge. 213232.Google Scholar
Walker, J. A. (2007). ‘There’s bears back there’: Plural existentials and vernacular universals in (Quebec) English. English World-Wide 28(2): 147166.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Walker, J. A. & Hoffman, M. (2010). Ethnolects and the city: Ethnic orientation and linguistic variation in Toronto English. Language Variation and Change 22(1): 3767.Google Scholar
Warner, A. (1993). English Auxiliaries: Structure and History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weiner, J. & Labov, W. (1983). Constraints on the agentless passive. Journal of Linguistics 19(1): 2958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weinreich, U., Labov, W. & Herzog, M. (1968). Empirical foundations for a theory of language change. In Lehmann, W. P. & Malkiel, Y. (Eds.), Directions for Historical Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press. 95188.Google Scholar
West, B. T., Welch, K. B. & Galecki, A. (2022). Linear Mixed Models: A Practical Guide Using Statistical Software. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilke, Claus O. (2024). Introduction to cowplot. https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/cowplot/vignettes/introduction.html [accessed 26 November 2024]Google Scholar
Winter, B. (2019). Statistics for Linguistics: An Introduction Using R. New York: Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfram, W. (1969). A Sociolinguistic Description of Detroit Negro Speech. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics.Google Scholar
Wolfram, W. (1993). Identifying and interpreting variables. In Preston, D. (Ed.), American Dialect Research. Amsterdam and Philadelphia: John Benjamins. 193221.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfram, W. (2000). Issues in reconstructing earlier African-American English. World Englishes 19(1): 3958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wolfram, W. & Schilling-Estes, N. (1995). Moribund dialects and the endangerment canon: The case of the Ocracoke Brogue. Language 71(4): 696721.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, R. & Bayley, R. (1996). VARBRUL analysis for second language acquisition research. In Bayley, R. & Preston, D. R. (Eds.), Second Language Acquisition and Linguistic Variation. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. 253306.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Accessibility standard: Unknown

Accessibility compliance for the PDF of this book is currently unknown and may be updated in the future.

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure no-reply@cambridge.org is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Bibliography
  • Sali A. Tagliamonte, University of Toronto
  • Book: Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation
  • Online publication: 19 June 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009403092.015
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Bibliography
  • Sali A. Tagliamonte, University of Toronto
  • Book: Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation
  • Online publication: 19 June 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009403092.015
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Bibliography
  • Sali A. Tagliamonte, University of Toronto
  • Book: Analysing Sociolinguistic Variation
  • Online publication: 19 June 2025
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009403092.015
Available formats
×