Abbreviations
- ACP
- advance care plan 
- AD
- advance directive 
- ADRT
- advance decision to refuse treatment 
- AIDS
- acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 
- ALS
- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 
- AMD
- advance medical directive 
- AMDA
- Advance Medical Directive Act 
- ARAS
- Agency for the Registration of Advance Statements for Life-sustaining Treatment 
- ASLST
- Advance Statement for Life-sustaining Treatment 
- BLWPA
- Beijing Living Will Promotion Association 
- CC
- Criminal Code 
- CJI
- Chief Justice of India 
- CoE
- Code of Ethics 
- COVID-19
- coronavirus disease 2019 
- CPR
- cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
- DNACPR
- do not attempt cardiopulmonary resuscitation 
- DNAR
- do not attempt resuscitation 
- DNR
- do-not-resuscitate 
- DP
- dying patient 
- eHRSS
- electronic health record sharing system 
- ELCP
- end-of-life care plan 
- ELDA
- Act on Hospice and Palliative Care and Decisions on Life-Sustaining Treatment for Patients at the End of Life 
- FHB
- Hong Kong Food and Health Bureau 
- HDI
- Human Development Index 
- HKLRC
- Hong Kong Law Reform Commission 
- HPCA
- Hospice Palliative Care Act 
- ICU
- intensive care unit 
- IEC
- Institutional Ethics Committee 
- IRIMC
- Islamic Republic of Iran Medical Council 
- IRR
- Implementing Rules and Regulations 
- JMFC
- Judicial magistrate first class 
- KAMS
- Korean Association of Medical Societies 
- LGBT
- lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender 
- LPD
- Law on Practicing Doctors 
- LST
- life-sustaining treatment 
- LSTP
- life-sustaining treatment plan 
- LW
- living will 
- MCA
- Mental Capacity Act 
- MHA
- Mental Health Act 
- MHO
- Mental Health Ordinance 
- MMC
- Malaysian Medical Council 
- MOH
- Ministry of Health 
- MOHME
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education 
- MoNHSRC
- Ministry of National Health Services Regulation and Coordination 
- NCEBR
- National Committee for Ethics in Biomedical Research 
- NCEC
- National Clinical Ethics Committee 
- NCEME
- National Committee for Ethics and Medical Education 
- NCORT
- National Committee on Resuscitation Training 
- NEHR
- National Electronic Health Record 
- NHCO
- National Health Commission Office 
- NHMA
- National Mental Health Act 
- NMEC
- National Medical Ethics Committee (Singapore) 
- OCS
- Office of the Council of the State 
- PAD
- psychiatric advance directive 
- POLST
- physician’s order for life-sustaining treatment 
- PRAA
- Patient Right to Autonomy Act 
- PRC
- People’s Republic of China 
- ReSPECT
- Recommended Summary Plan for Emergency Care and Treatment 
- SA
- Saudi Arabia 
- SCME
- Supreme Council on Medical Ethics 
- SDM
- surrogate decision-maker 
- SMC
- Singapore Medical Council 
- UHC
- universal health coverage 
- UNCRPD
- United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 
