Unilateral hemineglect is characterised by lack or decrease of attention to stimuli and events on one side of the patient following a contralateral hemispheric lesion. It can affect visual, auditory, somatosensory and motor modalities. In the acute stage neglect phenomena have been reported after right or left hemispheric lesions. Current evidence suggests that neglect rehabilitation is associated with better outcome. The evidence comes from prospective randomised and non-randomised group studies as well as single and multiple single case studies. Psychological denial of illness, flattened affect, sensory deficits, neglect or faulty control of action has been proposed as possible mechanisms of anosognosia. Quantification of anosognosia for neglect is possible through the use of observational scales such as the Catherine Bergego Scale. The therapy of anosognosia, which often accompanies hemineglect, consists mostly of providing feedback to the patient or is based, in a more experimental fashion, on sensory manipulations.