The Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-4-Revised (SATAQ-4R; Schaefer et al., 2017) is among the most widely used measures of appearance-related pressures and appearance-ideal internalization, and it was originally developed to facilitate research on the tripartite influence model of body image and eating disturbance. There is a 31-item female version and a 28-item male version. The SATAQ-4R can be administered online or in-person to adolescents and adults and is free to use. This chapter first discusses the development of the SATAQ-4R and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. More specifically, the SATAQ-4R has been found to have a 7-factor structure within exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, although some studies identified a smaller number of factors. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and convergent validity support the use of the SATAQ-4R. Next, this chapter provides the SATAQ-4R items (both female and male versions) in their entirety, instructions for administering the SATAQ-4R to participants, the item response scale, and the scoring procedure. Links to known translations are provided. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are provided for readers.

Chapter 5 examines what specific cultural meanings were applied to the modern woman by virtue of the country’s youthful age structure, reconceptualization of adolescence, and generation gap during the late Pahlavi era. Within this framework, the discussion introduces "the modern girl" that hitherto was not acknowledged as an important figure in Iranian historiography, while addressing the magazines’ engagement with the beauty culture and discussions on issues like makeup, fashion, and weight concerns. The overemphasis on the female body in women’s magazines, and their excessive promotion of social values of beauty and slenderness, conflicted with their attempts to empower femininity through representations of female determination, dedication, and educational accomplishments. Iranian editors and journalists were familiar with this conflict, and their responses become evident in two distinct and equally challenging images that receive special attention in this chapter: the Teen Princess (dokhtar-e Shayesteh) elected in Zan-e Ruz’s annual flashy beauty pageant and the female volunteers who served in the Literacy and Health Corps, after completing a short military training. In the late Pahlavi era, both these programs targeted young, single, high school graduates and college students, and substantially expanded women’s entry into the formerly segregated public sphere.