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1 results

  • Chapter 14 - Conforming Equality Matching by One-to-One Correspondence

  • from Part IV - Concrete Operations of One-to-One Correspondence for Equality Matching, Arbitrary Symbolism for Market Pricing, Combinations of Conformations, and What Children Discover
  • Alan Page Fiske, University of California, Los Angeles
  • Book:
    Representing Relationships
    Published online:
    21 November 2025
    Print publication:
    11 December 2025, pp 295-324

  • Summary

    To conform equality matching, the most effective, frequent, intuitive, and widespread conformations consist of concrete operations of one-to-one correspondence. This may take the form of aligning things side by side, or doing rounds of “one for you, one for you, and one for you.” Starting together and then stopping at the same time assures temporal equality of labor. Piaget originally formulated the concept of concrete operations to describe what he inferred to be a stage of cognitive development in which children inferred equality between quantities. Humans have developed various technologies for doing concrete operations of one-to-one correspondence, such as ballots, pan balances, and placeholder items showing whose turn it is. It turns out that even infants recognize concrete operations of one-to-one correspondence, which they expect agents to use by default when distributing items between agents. Nonhuman animals have not been observed to do this.