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2 results

  • Chapter 25 - Diabetes in mid-life women

  • from Section 6 - Common medical problems
  • Edited by Jo Ann Rosenfeld, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
  • Book:
    Handbook of Women's Health
    Published online:
    26 December 2009
    Print publication:
    22 October 2009, pp 283-296

  • Summary

    This chapter discusses the risk factors, clinical signs, evaluation, prevention and screening, and treatment of ovarian cancer and ovarian masses. Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy and the fourth most common cause of cancer death in women. Advancing age is the greatest risk factor. Use of oral contraceptive pills reduces the risk of ovarian cancer by 30 to 60%. A review of women with ovarian cancer compared with women with breast cancer or no cancer found that most women with ovarian cancer complained of the four following groups of non-specific symptoms in the 1-3 months before diagnosis: abdominal pain (30%), abdominal swelling (16.5%), GI symptoms (8.4%), and pelvic pain (5.4%). Transvaginal sonography (TVS) is the examination of choice to establish the diagnosis. In menstruating women, pregnancy, pregnancy complications and functional cysts are the most common causes of ovarian masses.

  • 11 - Ovarian masses and malignancies

  • from SECTION 3 - Gynaecological Cancers and Precancer
  • Edited by Sean Kehoe, Eric Jauniaux, Pierre Martin-Hirsch, Philip Savage
  • Book:
    Cancer and Reproductive Health
    Published online:
    05 October 2014
    Print publication:
    01 November 2008, pp 125-132

  • Summary

    The widespread use of ultrasound in the first trimester for dating and for viability and nuchal fold assessment has increased the detection of ovarian masses. The use of high-frequency transvaginal probes has allowed the detailed imaging of cystic pelvic masses. Cervical and ovarian cancers are the gynaecological malignancies most frequently diagnosed in pregnancy. Most non-benign ovarian cysts found in pregnancy are borderline tumours or germ cell tumours. Ultrasound imaging of ovarian cysts or masses is helpful in identifying lesions that are of a suspicious nature. A significant proportion of germ cell tumours in pregnancy are dysgerminomas. Presentation and diagnosis at an early stage of pregnancy does not always warrant termination of pregnancy as there are several reports of uneventful term pregnancies despite administration of chemotherapy. If malignancy is suspected, a full staging laparotomy is needed either immediately or after delivery.