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  • 12 - Epigenetics in development and cloning by nuclear transfer: alternative approaches to nuclear reprogramming

  • from SECTION 2 - THE EMBRYO
  • Edited by Hilary Critchley, University of Edinburgh, Iain Cameron, University of Southampton, Stephen Smith
  • Book:
    Implantation and Early Development
    Published online:
    05 June 2014
    Print publication:
    01 June 2005, pp 141-154

  • Summary

    This chapter reviews epigenetic reprogramming during early development, describes the background to the technique of nuclear transfer (NT), and discusses the present knowledge on reprogramming in cloned embryos. The chapter focuses on nuclear modifications related to somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and the strategies that have been developed to improve the efficiency of nuclear reprogramming. An analysis of nuclear structure remodelling has been made by the analysis of the structure of the nuclear envelop. Components of the oocyte cytoplasm are capable of inducing changes in nuclear architecture as well as modifications of the DNA and DNA-associated molecules, rendering the somatic chromatin amenable for reprogramming its gene expression. The ability of the egg to reprogramme the genome of a somatic cell, as occurs in animal cloning, is helpful to define the role of epigenetic control during embryonic development and cellular differentiation.