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  • Chapter 11 - Introduction: Multicultural Communicative Situations

  • from Part III - Non-Canonical Syntax in Non-Native Varieties of English
  • Edited by Sven Leuckert, Technische Universität Dresden, Teresa Pham, Universität Vechta
  • Book:
    Non-Canonical English Syntax
    Published online:
    23 December 2025
    Print publication:
    28 August 2025, pp 237-251
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  • Summary

    This chapter introduces key themes in non-canonical syntax in non-native Englishes. It reviews narrow and broad definitions of non-canonicity as well as the challenge of defining non-nativeness. The latter requires fine-grained understandings of communicative situations in which English is used by speakers of other languages, as those situations govern the relative balance of different kinds of syntactic innovation. Innovation is discussed in terms of three broad sources of change in syntax in contact settings: transfer from the first language and discourse-driven restructuring; inherent variability in English; and pragmatic innovation under selected communicative conditions.