Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
  1. Home
  2. Search

Refine search

Refine search

Access:
Content type:
Publication date:
Apply   From and To filters
Subject: Show more
Journals Show more
Publishers: Show more
Societies Show more
Series: Show more
Collections: Show more

Actions for selected content:

Select all | Deselect all
  • View selected items
  • Export citations
  • Download PDF (zip)
  • Save to Kindle
  • Save to Dropbox
  • Save to Google Drive

Save Search

You can save your searches here and later view and run them again in "My saved searches".

Please provide a title, maximum of 40 characters.
Cancel
×

5 results

Linguistic Illusions
  • A Case Study on Agreement Attraction
  • Dan Parker
  • Published online:
    30 October 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025
  • Linguistic illusions are cases where we systematically misunderstand, misinterpret, or fail to notice anomalies in the linguistic input, despite our competencies. Revealing fresh insights into how the mind represents and processes language, this book provides a comprehensive overview of research on this phenomenon, with a focus on agreement attraction, the most widely studied linguistic illusion. Integrating experimental, computational, and formal methods, it shows how the systematic study of linguistic illusions offers new insights into the cognitive architecture of language and language processing mechanisms. It synthesizes past findings and proposals, offers new experimental and computational data, and identifies directions for future research, helping readers navigate the rapidly growing body of research and conflicting findings. With clear explanations and cross-disciplinary appeal, it is an invaluable guide for both seasoned researchers, and newcomers seeking to deepen their understanding of language processing, making it a vital resource for advancing the field.

  • 4 - Leading Accounts of Attraction

  • Dan Parker, The Ohio State University
  • Book:
    Linguistic Illusions
    Published online:
    30 October 2025
    Print publication:
    02 October 2025, pp 62-76

  • Summary

    Chapter 4 introduces the leading accounts of attraction. Representational-based accounts claim that attraction arises from errors in the encoding of linguistic structures in working memory, where misrepresented features like plural number are mistakenly bound to the wrong item in memory. Feature percolation and spreading activation drive feature misrepresentation, both contributing to attraction effects. In contrast, retrieval-based accounts claim that while the sentence’s structure is faithfully encoded, attraction occurs during memory retrieval, where nontarget items that partially match retrieval cues (such as plural number) are erroneously selected for dependency formation. The chapter addresses the strengths and limitations of each approach, discussing the model predictions and the empirical evidence used to arbitrate between the accounts. Finally, it suggests that representational and retrieval-based accounts are not mutually exclusive; a comprehensive understanding of sentence processing must consider the interactions between encoding and retrieval mechanisms. This theoretical review sets the stage for evaluating empirical findings discussed in subsequent chapters.

  • Cognition in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder: impairments that are more similar than different

  • A. Owoso, C. S. Carter, J. M. Gold, A. W. MacDonald III, J. D. Ragland, S. M. Silverstein, M. E. Strauss, D. M. Barch
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 43 / Issue 12 / December 2013
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 March 2013, pp. 2535-2545
  • Background

    Cognition is increasingly being recognized as an important aspect of psychotic disorders and a key contributor to functional outcome. In the past, comparative studies have been performed in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder with regard to cognitive performance, but the results have been mixed and the cognitive measures used have not always assessed the cognitive deficits found to be specific to psychosis. A set of optimized cognitive paradigms designed by the Cognitive Neuroscience Test Reliability and Clinical Applications for Schizophrenia (CNTRACS) Consortium to assess deficits specific to schizophrenia was used to measure cognition in a large group of individuals with schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder.

    Method

    A total of 519 participants (188 with schizophrenia, 63 with schizo-affective disorder and 268 controls) were administered three cognitive paradigms assessing the domains of goal maintenance in working memory, relational encoding and retrieval in episodic memory and visual integration.

    Results

    Across the three domains, the results showed no major quantitative differences between patient groups, with both groups uniformly performing worse than healthy subjects.

    Conclusions

    The findings of this study suggests that, with regard to deficits in cognition, considered a major aspect of psychotic disorder, schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder do not demonstrate major significant distinctions. These results have important implications for our understanding of the nosological structure of major psychopathology, providing evidence consistent with the hypothesis that there is no natural distinction between cognitive functioning in schizophrenia and schizo-affective disorder.

  • Catechol-O-methyltransferase Val158Met association with parahippocampal physiology during memory encoding in schizophrenia

  • A. Di Giorgio, G. Caforio, G. Blasi, P. Taurisano, L. Fazio, R. Romano, G. Ursini, B. Gelao, L. Lo Bianco, A. Papazacharias, L. Sinibaldi, T. Popolizio, A. Bellomo, A. Bertolino
  • Journal:
    Psychological Medicine / Volume 41 / Issue 8 / August 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    13 December 2010, pp. 1721-1731
  • Background

    Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met has been associated with activity of the mesial temporal lobe during episodic memory and it may weakly increase risk for schizophrenia. However, how this variant affects parahippocampal and hippocampal physiology when dopamine transmission is perturbed is unclear. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of the COMT Val158Met genotype on parahippocampal and hippocampal physiology during encoding of recognition memory in patients with schizophrenia and in healthy subjects.

    Method

    Using blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we studied 28 patients with schizophrenia and 33 healthy subjects matched for a series of sociodemographic and genetic variables while they performed a recognition memory task.

    Results

    We found that healthy subjects had greater parahippocampal and hippocampal activity during memory encoding compared to patients with schizophrenia. We also found different activity of the parahippocampal region between healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia as a function of the COMT genotype, in that the predicted COMT Met allele dose effect had an opposite direction in controls and patients.

    Conclusions

    Our results demonstrate a COMT Val158Met genotype by diagnosis interaction in parahippocampal activity during memory encoding and may suggest that modulation of dopamine signaling interacts with other disease-related processes in determining the phenotype of parahippocampal physiology in schizophrenia.

  • 14 - Nocturia in the aging population

  • from Part 3 - Sleepdisorders in the elderly
  • Edited by S. R. Pandi-Perumal, Jaime M. Monti, Universidad de la República, Uruguay, Andrew A. Monjan, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
  • Book:
    Principles and Practice of Geriatric Sleep Medicine
    Published online:
    04 August 2010
    Print publication:
    26 November 2009, pp 150-159

  • Summary

    With the establishment of sleep-dependent memory processing, an important and necessary step is to begin understanding how sleep loss in later life may contribute to the known deterioration of memory function, and how these factors may interact. The chapter outlines the key components: memory systems, memory stages, and sleep stages. The chapter describes the critical requirement of adequate sleep before learning for the initial formation or "encoding" of memory. A number of neuroimaging studies have shown decreased MTL involvement during memory formation in older adults, compared to young adults. Work across the neurosciences will be necessary to test this hypothesis at both a neural and behavioral level. The chapter addresses the most important horizon quest: translating basic findings into clinical action, and understanding how disease and pathology stemming from aging can be understood on the basis of sleep-dependent memory failure.