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1 results

  • Chapter 97 - Muscularity Bias Internalization Scale (MBIS)

  • Edited by Virginia Ramseyer Winter, University of Minnesota, Tracy L. Tylka, Ohio State University, Antoinette M. Landor, University of Missouri
  • Book:
    Handbook of Body Image-Related Measures
    Print publication:
    20 November 2025, pp 291-293

  • Summary

    The 14-item Muscularity Bias Internalization Scale (MBIS; He et al., 2022) assesses muscularity bias internalization or internalized muscularity stigma, which refers to the extent to which an individual endorses muscularity-based stereotypes and makes negative self-evaluations due to muscularity. The MBIS can be administered online and in-person to adults and is free to use in any setting. This chapter first discusses the development of the MBIS and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. More specifically, within exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the MBIS has been found to have a three-factor structure in Chinese men but a two-factor structure in Chinese women. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity support the use of the MBIS. Next, this chapter provides the MBIS items, instructions for administering the MBIS to participants, the item response scale, and the scoring procedure. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are provided for readers.