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  • 4 - Disaster ecology: implications for disaster psychiatry

  • from Part II - Foundations of disaster psychiatry
    • By James M. Shultz, Director, Center for Disaster and Extreme Event University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Zelde Espinel, Center for Disaster and Extreme Event University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Sandro Galea, Associate Professor The University of Michigan, Dori B. Reissman, Senior Medical Advisor National Institute for Occupational Safety
  • Edited by Robert J. Ursano, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland, Carol S. Fullerton, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Maryland, Lars Weisaeth, Universitetet i Oslo, Beverley Raphael, University of Western Sydney
  • Book:
    Textbook of Disaster Psychiatry
    Published online:
    09 August 2009
    Print publication:
    01 November 2007, pp 69-96

  • Summary

    This chapter describes the evolution of a disaster ecological framework for portraying the impact of disasters on human populations. It begins with a detailed look at exposure to hazards-categorized by type, intensity, time, and place factors. Globally, the cumulative impact of disasters can be estimated using multiple measures. Directly relevant to the field of disaster psychiatry, the degree of psychosocial impact varies by disaster type and generally increases with increasing magnitude and frequency of disaster occurrence. The public health consequences of disasters can be assessed in terms of mortality, morbidity and disruption of health care infrastructure. Disaster impact on citizens and whole populations varies by individual and family characteristics such as age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, occupation, employment status and income. The scope and magnitude of disasters are associated with the extent of disruption of health and social services.