The 26-item Body Dissatisfaction Scale for Adults (BDS; Tariq & Ijaz, 2015) assesses dissatisfaction with different parts of body. The BDS can be administered online and/or in-person to young adults, and adults and is free to use in any setting. This chapter first discusses the development of the BDS and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. More specifically, the BDS has been found to have 4-factor structure for males and 3- factor structure for females within exploratory factor analyses and has been found to be mostly invariant across different cultures and languages (except 1 item). Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity, support the use of the BDS. Next, this chapter provides the BDS items in their entirety, instructions for administering the BDS to participants, the item response scale, and the scoring procedure. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are provided for readers.

This book has shown that the human face is a rich source of information about the people around us, including their age and emotional states. Given the importance of facial appearance in social interactions, a central goal is to understand how observers extract this information – that is, what makes someone look young, old, sad, or happy? However, this is empirically challenging because the human face has many different features that could drive these judgments, such as specific face shapes, complexions, or expressions. Today, new data-driven methods make this challenge tractable and present exciting new horizons in the field of social perception. In this final chapter, we extend the discussion on data-driven methods introduced in Chapter 11 (Albohn et al., this volume) by illustrating one such approach that can precisely model the specific facial features that drive social perception. We use recent work to illustrate how this approach has advanced current understanding of social face perception and conclude by illuminating future research directions.