The 7-item Drive for Muscularity Scale - YT (DMS-YT; Yelland & Tiggemann, 2003) measures the desire and motivation directed toward obtaining muscularity. The DMS-YT can be administered online or in-person to adolescents and adults across genders, including women. It is free to use in any setting. This chapter first discusses the development of the DMS-YT within the literature on gay men’s body image and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. More specifically, the DMS-YT has been found to have a single-factor structure within exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses with both men and women. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and incremental validity support the use of the DMS-YT. Next, this chapter provides the DMS-YT items, instructions for administration, the item response scale, the scoring procedure, and known translations. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are provided for readers.

The 8-item Drive for Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire (DMAQ; Morrison et al., 2004) assesses men’s desire to achieve a muscular physique, which is characterized by broad shoulders, a well-developed chest and arms, and a narrow waist. The DMAQ can be administered online or in-person to adolescents and adults who identify as male and is free to use. This chapter first discusses the development of the DMAQ and then provides evidence of its psychometrics. More specifically, the DMAQ has a unidimensional factor structure within exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Internal consistency reliability, test-retest reliability, concurrent validity, and convergent validity support the use of the DMAQ. Next, this chapter provides the DMAQ items in their entirety, instructions for administration and scoring, and the item response scale. Links to available translations are included. Logistics of use, such as permissions, copyright, and contact information, are available for readers.